How and why does the age and gender structure of populations vary? Population structure How and why does the age and gender structure of populations vary?

By the of the lesson All pupils will describe a population pyramid in terms of shape/ balance of ages/male versus female. All pupils will recognise that shapes of pyramids relate to the different stages on the DTM. All pupils will recognise issues, e.g. extreme youthful/ageing pyramids.

Connector With your scatter graphs, divide the graph into three sections: High income Middle income Low income In pairs discuss what the graph is showing and annotate it. What patterns do you see and why?

What is a population pyramid? Why are they important?

http://www. neighbourhood. statistics. gov. uk/HTMLDocs/dvc1/UKPyramid http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/HTMLDocs/dvc1/UKPyramid.html

Task – Plotting a population pyramid age Males % Females % 0 - 4 20 18 5 - 9 16 14 10 -14 13 12 15 - 19 11 10 20 – 24 9 25 – 29 7 30 – 34 6 35 – 39 4 5 40 – 44 3 45 – 49 50 – 54 2 55 – 59 60 – 64 65 – 69 1 70 – 74 75 - 79 80+ Task – Plotting a population pyramid Plot age on the y axis Plot ‘% male’ on one side & ‘% female’ on the other 20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20

Is your population pyramid different to the first one shown? How?

Task – Describing a population pyramid Hint: The best way to do it is to break your pyramid up into three parts – see next slide

Describe the population pyramid Older people (65+). No longer working. Possibly retired? People of working age (15 – 64). The main group of tax payers! Young people (0-14), often those in education. Unlikely to be employed Extension: What stage of the DTM do you think this pyramid would represent? Why?

There are many different types of population pyramids. Look at the following. What do they tell you about a country?

Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 4

Some tips: How to read a population pyramid… Concave sides = high death rate Wide base = high birth rate Straight sides = Lower death rate so more people moving into middle age Blue = males Pink = females

Activity – card sort In pairs, separate the cards into 4 piles, one for each stage. Copy them into your books underneath the correct pyramid Decide which country the general description is referring to and put it in the correct column.

Look at the following population pyramids Look at the following population pyramids. Which would be stage 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 on the DMT? Task Time: 5 mins

Look at the three population pyramids for Japan in 2001, 2010 and 2050. Describe how the population structure will change over time and explain what effect this will have on the country. Task time: 10 mins

Complete the following sheet http://www.geographyalltheway.com/igcse_geography/population_settlement/population/imagesetc/igcse_population_pyramids.doc

How do population pyramids change over time?

Task – Exploring the statements For each statement: Read the statement above each pyramid. Sketch the old pyramid in your books and redraw the pyramid showing any changes the statement will make. Explain: The change in shape (Why does it change that way?) Elaborate: Will the change be a problem for the country? Tips: (Don’t forget the different stages) Think about which sex/age groups are affected Note: Discuss the task in groups Then answer, everyone must have a copy

Life expectancy increases due to improved medical care

A baby boom in China occurs after the one child policy is abandoned

Migrants move to the UK with the promise of new jobs

Infant mortality drops due to the training of extra midwives

Review What does a narrow tip mean? If it is wider in the middle than at the bottom what problems could this cause? What does a wide base represent? What shape of pyramid do the following countries have: UK, Kenya, Sweden, Japan, Brazil

Bits from OLD power point before meeting Extension work? Bits from OLD power point before meeting

Why is it important to know about the population structure of a country? It is important to know so the government can make informed policy decisions. Create a mind map of what might be affected

What decisions can be affected by population Type of houses built Health care Education Pensions Housing Add your own What decisions can be affected by population structure? More schools needed? More teachers needed?

Task Explain the two of the examples you gave, for example: S E Education policies are affected by changes in population structure. The relative number of young people in the UK is decreasing as the number of people living beyond 65 increases. Therefore the amount of money the government can spend on schools will decrease. The government will need to spend more on medical care and building facilities (for example housing) suitable for the elderly.