By Any Means Necessary!!! Objectives: US History Objectives: **Describe the division between MLK and the black power movement **Describe the Hispanic Civil Rights movement SOL – VUS.14 Timeline – 1965-1969

WHAT WAS THE EFFECT OF THE “I HAVE A DREAM SPEECH”? WARM-UP WHAT WAS THE EFFECT OF THE “I HAVE A DREAM SPEECH”? The march helped influence public opinion to support civil rights legislation. The march demonstrated the power of nonviolent, mass protest.

Civil Rights Splits in 2 MLK – slowly getting civil rights Anti-MLK – frustrated by lack of real progress

The Watts Riot (August 11-15, 1965) Poor L.A. (Los Angeles) black community continued conflicts between police and citizens a week of riots 34 killed 2,100 injured 4,000 arrested $30 million in damages

1967 Race Riots Dozens of race riots in US cities

Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam (1925-1965) Wanted blacks to separate from whites Opposed to MLK’s approach

Malcolm X and the Pilgrimage to Mecca (April 1964) Saw blacks and white together Came back to USA w/ idea of working with whites Assassinated (‘65) “I have prayed with fellow Muslims whose eyes were blue, hair was blond, and skin was white” -- Malcolm X

The Black Panthers (established 1966) Formed to promote idea of “Black Power” **cultural pride **radical, militant, separatist

MLK (April 4, 1968) Killed in Memphis 100+ race riots around USA

Robert Kennedy (June 6, 1968) Big supporter of Civil Rights Ran for President (‘68) Assassinated

Civil Rights Fades No leaders like MLK Vietnam takes over headlines Jesse Jackson

Rise of the Hispanic Fastest growing ethnic minority 2010 46 million Hispanics 16% of US population

Cesar Chavez and Hispanic Civil Rights (1927-1993) Leader - California Grape Pickers led a farmers boycott (‘65 – ’70) demanded union rights + better wages

Hispanic/Immigration Issues Border? (Open Border or The Wall) Citizenship to illegal immigrants ??? Fill low-paying jobs in USA Bilingualism??? (both English + Spanish) **street signs **education / ESL

The Cuban Immigration Policy The “Dry Feet” Rule **if you come from Cuba and make it to USA shore = freedom Economic Boycott on Cuba (October 1960 to present!!!!)

Historical Context Throughout American history there has been a struggle among certain groups to gain equal access and opportunity to the American Dream. African-Americans have struggled for legal, political, and social equality since early colonial times. After the Civil War, blacks were granted freedom, but were continually denied equal access and opportunity through legalized segregation. In Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) the Supreme Court legalized the separation of blacks and whites in a variety of ways – in train cars, later interpreted to public places including schools. This ruling limited opportunities for African- Americans in education as did Jim Crow laws in employment and representation. In 1954 the Supreme Court decision of Brown v. Board of Education overturned legalized segregation in public schools. With the 1954 decision the Civil Rights Movement gained the legal foundation it needed to protest segregation in all areas of life in the United States.

Exit Ticket Question Answer the following question based on your understanding of the historical context and the documents. To what extent did the principles of democracy expand or contract during the Civil Rights Movement?