MC301 DESIGN OF MECHATRONICS SYSTEMS Unit- V MICRO MECHATRONIC SYSTEM Introduction- System principle - Component design – System design – Scaling laws – Micro actuation – Micro robot – Micro pump – Mechatronics Control in Automated Manufacturing – Artificial intelligence, Fuzzy Logic Applications. To get the softcopy of this material Visit : www.mechatronics2u.in Prepared by : R.Yasodharan, AP / Mechatronics, SNS College of Technology

Our Working Definition of AI Artificial intelligence is the study of how to make computers do things that people are better at or would be better at if: they could extend what they do to a World Wide Web-sized amount of data and not make mistakes.

AI – The History • AI is as old as computing, whose theory started in the 1930 with Alan Turing, Alonzo Church, and others • 1941 Konrad Zuse, Germany, general purpose computer • 1943 Britain (Turing and others) Colossus, for decoding • 1945 ENIAC, US. John von Neumann a consultant • 1956 Dartmouth Conference organized by John McCarthy (inventor of LISP) • The term Artificial Intelligence was coined at Dartmouth, which was intended as a two month study.

AI – The Achievements Computers land 200 ton jumbo jets unaided every few minutes. Search systems like Google are not perfect but provide very effective information retrieval. Robots cut slots for hip joints better than surgeons. The chess program Deep Blue beat world champion Kasparov in 1997. Medical expert systems can outperform doctors in many areas of diagnosis Self-driving cars are beginning to enter the market. IBM’s Watson beats humans at Jeopardy. Programs such as Siri communicate via natural language.

Artificial vs. Human Intelligence Today’s computers can do many well-defined tasks (for example, arithmetic operations), much faster and more accurate than human beings. However, the computers’ interaction with their environment is not very sophisticated yet. How can we test whether a computer has reached the general intelligence level of a human being? Turing Test: Can a computer convince a human interrogator that it is a human? But before thinking of such advanced kinds of machines, we will start developing our own extremely simple “intelligent” machines.

Why AI? One of major divisions in AI (and you can see it in the definitions on the previous slide) is between Those who think AI is the only serious way of finding out how we work (since opening heads does not yet give much insight into this) and Those who want computers to do very smart things, independently of how we work. This is the important distinction between Cognitive Scientists vs. Engineers.

WHAT IS FUZZY LOGIC? Definition of fuzzy Definition of fuzzy logic Fuzzy – “not clear, distinct, or precise; blurred” Definition of fuzzy logic A form of knowledge representation suitable for notions that cannot be defined precisely, but which depend upon their contexts. 7

TRADITIONAL REPRESENTATION OF LOGIC Slow Fast Speed = 0 Speed = 1 bool speed; get the speed if ( speed == 0) { // speed is slow } else { // speed is fast 8

FUZZY LOGIC REPRESENTATION Slowest For every problem must represent in terms of fuzzy sets. What are fuzzy sets? [ 0.0 – 0.25 ] Slow [ 0.25 – 0.50 ] Fast [ 0.50 – 0.75 ] Fastest [ 0.75 – 1.00 ] 9

FUZZY LOGIC REPRESENTATION CONT. Slowest Slow Fast Fastest float speed; get the speed if ((speed >= 0.0)&&(speed < 0.25)) { // speed is slowest } else if ((speed >= 0.25)&&(speed < 0.5)) { // speed is slow else if ((speed >= 0.5)&&(speed < 0.75)) // speed is fast else // speed >= 0.75 && speed < 1.0 // speed is fastest 10

Fuzzy Set theory defines fuzzy operators Fuzzy Set theory defines fuzzy operators. Choose the fuzzy operators from the following. a) AND b) OR c) NOT d) EX-OR Answer: a, b, c Explanation: The AND, OR, and NOT operators of Boolean logic exist in fuzzy logic, usually defined as the minimum, maximum, and complement; Prepared by : R.Yasodharan, AP / Mechatronics, SNS College of Technology

Fuzzy logic is usually represented as a) IF-THEN-ELSE rules b) IF-THEN rules c) Both a & b d) None of the mentioned Answer: b Explanation: Fuzzy set theory defines fuzzy operators on fuzzy sets. The problem in applying this is that the appropriate fuzzy operator may not be known. For this reason, fuzzy logic usually uses IF-THEN rules, or constructs that are equivalent, such as fuzzy associative matrices. Rules are usually expressed in the form: IF variable IS property THEN action Prepared by : R.Yasodharan, AP / Mechatronics, SNS College of Technology

Fuzzy logic is a form of a) Two-valued logic b) Crisp set logic c) Many-valued logic d) Binary set logic c) Many-valued logic Explanation: With fuzzy logic set membership is defined by certain value. Hence it could have many values to be in the set. Prepared by : R.Yasodharan, AP / Mechatronics, SNS College of Technology

The truth values of traditional set theory is ____________ and that of fuzzy set is __________ a) Either 0 or 1, between 0 & 1 b) Between 0 & 1, either 0 or 1 c) Between 0 & 1, between 0 & 1 d) Either 0 or 1, either 0 or 1 Either 0 or 1, between 0 & 1 Prepared by : R.Yasodharan, AP / Mechatronics, SNS College of Technology

How is Fuzzy Logic different from conventional control methods? IF and THEN Approach FOR Approach (c) WHILE Approach (d) DO Approach (e) Else If approach. Answer : (a) Reason : FL incorporates a simple, rule-based IF X AND Y THEN Z approach to a solving control problem rather than attempting to model a system mathematically. The FL model is empirically-based, relying on an operator's experience rather than their technical understanding of the system. For example, rather than dealing with temperature control in terms such as "SP =500F", "T <1000F", or "210C <TEMP <220C", terms like "IF (process is too cool) AND (process is getting colder) THEN (add heat to the process)" or "IF (process is too hot) AND (process is heating rapidly) THEN (cool the process quickly)" are used. These terms are imprecise and yet very descriptive of what must actually happen. Consider what you do in the shower if the temperature is too cold: you will make the water comfortable very quickly with little trouble. FL is capable of mimicking this type of behavior but at very high rate. Prepared by : R.Yasodharan, AP / Mechatronics, SNS College of Technology

What is Artificial intelligence? Putting your intelligence into Computer Programming with your own intelligence Making a Machine intelligent Putting more memory into Computer Answer : (c) (c).Making a Machine intelligent Prepared by : R.Yasodharan, AP / Mechatronics, SNS College of Technology

The first widely-used commercial form of Artificial Intelligence (Al) is being used in many popular products like microwave ovens, automobiles and plug in circuit boards for desktop PCs. It allows machines to handle vague information with a deftness that mimics human intuition. What is the name of this AI? Boolean logic Human logic Fuzzy logic Functional logic Answer : (c) (c).Fuzzy logic Prepared by : R.Yasodharan, AP / Mechatronics, SNS College of Technology

The first widely-used commercial form of Artificial Intelligence (Al) is being used in many popular products like microwave ovens, automobiles and plug in circuit boards for desktop PCs. It allows machines to handle vague information with a deftness that mimics human intuition. What is the name of this AI? Boolean logic Human logic Fuzzy logic Functional logic Answer : (c) (c).Fuzzy logic Prepared by : R.Yasodharan, AP / Mechatronics, SNS College of Technology

Thank You www.mechatronics2u.in To get the softcopy of this material Visit : www.mechatronics2u.in Thank You Prepared by : R.Yasodharan, AP / Mechatronics, SNS College of Technology