Velocities in ITRF – not appropriate for interpretation

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Presentation transcript:

Velocities in ITRF – not appropriate for interpretation http://www.unavco.org/research_science/workinggroups_projects/snarf/SNARF1.0/SNARF1.0.html

Velocities in NUVEL-1A – better, but SNARF will be even better!

The SCEC 3.0 velocity field

Elastic Rebound Earthquake! Earthquake!

Elastic Rebound Earthquake! Earthquake!

Elastic Rebound Earthquake! SF 1906 Guatemala 1976 Kobe 1995 http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/slideset/10/10_slides.shtml Earthquake! Kobe 1995 http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/kojiok/nojimaeq.htm

The SCEC 3.0 velocity field

The SCEC 3.0 velocity field

Vertical Velocities: Not dominated by tectonics! GIA is the issue. http://www.unavco.org/research_science/workinggroups_projects/snarf/SNARF1.0/SNARF1.0.html

GIA Predicted Velocities: Very sensitive to model parameters http://www.unavco.org/research_science/workinggroups_projects/snarf/SNARF1.0/SNARF1.0.html

The SCEC 3.0 velocity field

GPS Data Analysis GIPSY-OASIS 2.5 [Zumberge et al. 1997] JPL Precise Orbits ITRF-97 Atmospheric & ionospheric models Error Analysis [Mao et al. 1999] Position Uncertainties (mean) 3, 6 & 12 mm Rate Uncertainties (mean) – 1.0, 1.3 & 2.5 mm/a Coseismic Offset Eruption

Co-Seismic Offsets (Model from InSAR & local GPS) Co-Seismic offsets from June 17 & 21, 2000 earthquakes [Pedersen et al., 2003] [Pedersen et al., 2003]

Co-Seismic Corrected June 17 & 21, 2000 SISZ earthquakes Distributed slip model [Pedersen et al., 2003] Correct positions for offsets, recalculate time series Residual = Feb. 28 – March 6, 2000 Hekla eruption

Hekla Deformation

Co-Seismic Corrected June 17 & 21, 2000 SISZ earthquakes Distributed slip model [Pedersen et al., 2003] Correct positions for offsets, recalculate time series Residual = Feb. 28 – March 6, 2000 Hekla eruption

Co-Seismic Corrected Velocity field corrected for co-seismic offsets Residual equals deformation from volcanic eruptions and inflation events

Velocity Field Relative to Stable North America Overall plate motion parallel velocity field June 17 & 21, 2000 earthquakes Hengill effects

The SCEC 3.0 velocity field

Normalized observed velocity field (in the PoD spherical coordinate system) The velocity transformation allows us to examine the velocity field by a single quantity - the magnitude of the longitudinal velocity (Vf). Vertical lines mark the orientation of small circles about the PoD. Horizontal lines mark the boundaries between 10 segments of similar velocity transition Velocities are normalized by 0.64°/Myr.

Velocity and velocity gradient of all segments

Maximum horizontal shear

Relation between seismicity and interseismic deformation

Earthquake Cycle Thatcher 1986

Rate on a fault: How much displacement is accomodated On that feature for a given time. Geologic rate: Distance between offset feature/Time Geodetic rate: The amount of deformation imposed in the Model to fit the geodetic data

Example of Geologic rate

Seismicity Up to now we have assumed linear behavior of the movement of the observed point Lecture 6 May 24th 2005