Cold War USH 20: The student will analyze the domestic and international impact of the Cold War on the United States.

Cold War a struggle for supremacy between Democracy v. Communism the USA v. USSR

Post WWII economic disrepair destruction food shortages no money Europe cannot repair itself

Truman Doctrine The US would help any nation economically to stop the spread of communism Containment Directed toward Europe, but later extended to most of the world NATO created

The Marshall Plan help European nations financially to help Communism from taking over What areas would want Communism?

China Mao Zedong leads the Communists over the American backed Kai- shek

Korean War Communist backed North Korea attacks independent South Korea Under the policy of Containment the US intervenes and today the 38th Parallel is the border between North and South No Peace treaty exists to this day

Sen. Joseph McCarthy used public fear to gain power accuses many people of being communist sympathizers many of these accusations were false

Cuban Revolution Fidel Castro wants to overthrow a corrupt US- backed leader Batista US has business interests: sugar and mafia Castro wins and kicks Americans out US issues trade embargo on Cuba

Bay of Pigs Castro becomes a Communist and the US cannot allow Communism to expand so the US wants to overthrow Castro CIA trains nationalists for a coup Coup fails miserably

Cuban Missile Crisis Castro went to the USSR for help gains Soviet Nuclear Missiles US will not attack with the threat of Nuclear weapons Kennedy administration negotiates a truce to remove Nukes from Cuba for a removal of Nukes from Turkey

Vietnam Causes Vietnam was originally a French colony Japan had taken over after WWII, the Viet Minh (Communist) took over Later the country split at the 17th parallel The Domino Theory - Democracy cannot lose or else…

Vietnam War US started by only sending advisors Escalation Gulf of Tonkin - N. Vietnamese (communists) attacked the USS Maddox President Johnson orders an escalation of war

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Congress gave the President authorization to conduct military operations in SE Asia without formal declaration of war Johnson increases troop involvement to over 500,000 men China then helps N. Vietnam

Practice of War mostly a Guerilla style war US more advanced Communists units used the Ho Chi Minh Trail to supply - runs through Laos and Cambodia US would destroy lots of things even civilians

Victory? Gen. Westmoreland thought the US was on verge of victory asked to increase military size However, Communists were hiding in Laos and Cambodia Communists go on the offensive - Tet Offensive Did the US lie about victory?

Opposition to War mostly students because of lottery to draft people into service people burnt draft cards Johnson Administration said the war was fine, however news showed different story Kent State Massacre

Geography of Communism Containment and Domino Theory tried to stop the spread of Communism the US had to build up a massive army and become involved in many nations affairs

What was the goal of the Marshall Plan of 1947? A. to relax tensions with the Soviet Union and China B. to aid the economic recovery of European nations C. to rebuild the U.S. military after the defeat of Nazi Germany D. to expand the U.S. highway system at the start of the Cold War

The change in governments in China and in North Korea after World War II concerned many Americans because A. the new governments were communist. B. those countries were allied with Germany. C. they were no longer solid trading partners. D. it threatened to end the U.S.'s Marshall Plan.

United States involvement in the Korean War was part of its policy of A. containment. B. isolationism. C. Big Stick diplomacy. D. mutual assured destruction

During the Korean War, the United Nations forces led by the United States succeeded in achieving their primary goal of A. ending Communist rule in North Korea. B. preventing South Korea from annexing North Korea. C. preserving an anti-communist government in South Korea. D. freeing Korea from Japanese control.

Ultimately, the Truman Doctrine was used to A. justify massive spending on the U.S. space program. B. fight the spread of communism. C. prosecute Nazi war criminals. D. create the United Nations.