Imperialism in China

Trade China was selling to Europe, but buying very little creating a favorable balance of trade: exporting more than they are importing Problem for Europe: They have a trade deficit with China: buying more than they are selling Silk Tea Porcelain

Solution: British merchants begin selling opium (grown in India) to the Chinese Huge profits Problem for China Chinese became addicted to the drug Unfavorable balance of trade for China Business slowed down and the standard of living fell

Chinese men smoking opium in a Shanghai den, early 1900s

Chests of Opium Brought into China

Chinese Response Chinese Emperor outlawed the drug and executed drug dealers Confiscated around 20,000 chests of opium (approx. 1210 tons) Demanded the British stop trading opium Difficult to enforce and GB refused The Spark of War: Chinese war ships set a GB drug ship on fire in the port of Canton

First Opium War (1839-1842) British warships were more advanced Easily defeated the Chinese.

Treaty of Nanjing (Nanking) 1842 The first unequal treaty: China forced to sign it GB gets what it wants: 5 ports open exclusively for GB Chinese pay a huge payment for war GB owns Hong Kong “extraterritoriality” – “our house, your rules” – GB citizens accused of crimes tried under GB law, not Chinese law

Areas in which an outside power claimed exclusive trading privileges

What is the pie meant to represent? Who are the different people surrounding the pie? What are the people in the picture doing? What is going to be the fate of China?

What does this cartoon say about the US in China?

The United States demanded equal trading status within China, and announced the Open Door Policy in 1899. This stated that all nations should have equal trading rights. This prevented the expansion of spheres of influences Europeans accepted it & no one asked the Chinese.

Political cartoon poster Topic: Opium War, Spheres of influence or Open Door Policy, Taiping or Boxer Rebellion Requirements: Title Picture (s) with symbols People/flags of nations involved/animals Clear meaning (caption) Color

Chinese Reactions to Imperialism Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864) Peasants, angry at poverty & corrupt Qing officials, revolted Led by Hong Xiuquan Establishes the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom The rebel agenda included social reforms such as shared "property in common", equality for women, and the replacement of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Chinese folk religion with their form of Christianity.

Results of Taiping: Qing government crushed rebellion, with aid from Fr. and GB forces Twenty million Chinese deaths Weakening of China

defeats China and wins Formosa (later Taiwan) and Korea 2. Sino-Japanese War: Japan easily defeats China and wins Formosa (later Taiwan) and Korea China attempts to adopt Western ideas: Schools Banks Press Military Weapons

The Boxers 3. Boxer Rebellion (1900) Chinese Nationalists attempting to rid their country of foreign influence Empress Dowager Troops of the Eight nations alliance of 1900. Left to right: Britain, United States, Australian colonial, British India, Germany, France, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Italy, Japan.

Killed foreigners and Chinese Christians Destroyed foreign property Boxer Protocol Sept. 7, 1901

Results of the Boxer Rebellion Western troops occupy Beijing China prohibited from importing arms for two years Pay $330 million in reparations MORE foreign influence

1. The eagle in the upper left-hand corner represents the United States. Name three European countries represented in the cartoon. 2. How is China depicted in the cartoon? 3. What impression of imperialism does the cartoon try to convey? 4. What might be an appropriate title for the cartoon?

Sun Yixian “Father of Modern China” Leader of the Nationalist Party or Guomindang 3 goals: 1. Nationalism: freeing China from foreign domination 2. Democracy: representative government 3. “Livelihood”: economic security for all Chinese

Political cartoon poster Topic: Opium War, Spheres of influence or Open Door Policy, Taiping or Boxer Rebellion Requirements: Title Picture (s) with symbols People/flags of nations involved/animals Clear meaning (caption) Color

Russo-Japanese War 1904 Japan launched a surprise attack against Russian troops in Port Arthur. 1905 Russia surrendered, granting Japan Korea and Manchuria First time a European nation is defeated by an Asian nation! Shock to the world; still very ethnocentric.

1910 - Japan annexes Korea because it needed natural resources! Japan gained control of some trade ports Thousands of Japanese settled there Japan had become an industrial power, supports the US & UK in WWI At the end of WWI Japan gained German colonies and proved itself a world power. Racial discrimination towards the Japanese continues