VOC Emission Characterization and CHAMP Development EPA03 Thrust 1: Material Emissions and Pollutant Transport in Building Envelopes Overview (10 minutes, by J. Zhang) VOC extraction method development (10 minutes, by J. Smith) Dual-chamber test method development (10 minutes, by M. Salonvaara) CHAMP development & validation (20 minutes, by M. Salonvaara) EPA04 Tasks: T1.2 Model-based Characterization of Indoor Gaseous Emissions (10 minutes, by J. Zhang) T3.2 Reduced order models for building interzonal transport

Material Emissions and Pollutant Transport in Building Envelopes T1 Material Emissions and Pollutant Transport in Building Envelopes T1.A Experimental; T1.B CHAMP Modeling Jensen Zhang (PI) Mikael Salonvaara, Jim Smith, and Hui Li Andreas Nicolai, John Grunewald, Zhibin Zhang and Beverly Guo Building Energy and Environmental Systems Laboratory (BEESL) EPA-Review-4/18-19-06

Why? VOCs (including formaldehyde)--- a major pollution indoors ASHRAE Standard 62-2004 Ventilation for Acceptable IAQ CIB (Conseil International du Bâtiment) 2004. Performance Criteria of Buildings for Health and Comfort Green Building Products Harmonized test method Simplified, fast and less expensive screening/rating method Long-term emission characteristics under usage conditions Source-Sink Interactions Large number of sources/sinks and pollutants Primary and secondary emissions Short and long-term exposure Understanding of Emission/sorption and Transport Processes Composite materials Multilayer material assemblies Correlations with VOC properties Effects of environmental conditions O3 initiated VOC and particle emissions Building Envelopes---a key role in IAQ control Emissions (e.g., formaldehyde) Uncontrolled airflows (leakages) Hygrothermal conditions Molds Outdoor to indoor pollutant transport

IAQ & Energy Performance of Buildings: Systems Approach long wave radiation solar radiation temperature (Extinction: Adsorption, Dispersion, Reflection) heated cellar garage cooking, laundry Emissions warm roof cold roof diffusion transmission convection air tightness air leakage (rot, mold) Coupled Heat thermal bridge (surface condensation, mold) Air temperature relative humidity transmission ventilation convection air exchange Moisture air leakage Pollutant Simulation thermal bridge imperfect sealing (salt efflorescence) capillary flow diffusion ground water ground water

Approach: making use of existing HAM model – add and improve… Initial conditions: Emittable pollutants in each layer Model-based Test Methods Boundary conditions: Outdoor concentrations Weather data Indoor conditions CHAMP Model Transport & storage properties of materials: Diffusion Sorption/deposition Effects of building materials, assembly design & construction on IAQ Outdoor to indoor pollutant transport (VOCs, O3 & particles) Assembly structure: Cracks Cavities Material surfaces and interfaces Human Exposure Indoor materials & furnishing systems (04): Workstations Composite wood products O3 initiated secondary emissions (pilot 04) Moisture/mold control (04) Health, comfort, productivity & security

Research Objectives and Scope “The ultimate goal of this research is to develop reliable and practical model-based test and prediction methods for rating products, and for predicting the long-term VOC emissions over the products’ service life.” Specific objectives for the two year period (EPA03): Develop a VOC extraction method Develop a fundamental mechanistic model for simulating the combined heat, air, moisture and pollutant (CHAMP) transport the effects of wall cavities and cracks in-material diffusions and sorption on the VOC transport. Evaluate the extraction method and the model by conducting small and full-scale experiments A typical wood-framed residential wall assembly Assembly materials: interior paints, gypsum wallboards, insulation materials, and oriented strand boards

Material Emissions & Pollutant Transport in Bldg Envelopes Task 1A Experimental—VOC extraction, material characterization and full-scale chamber testing Task 1B Development of Heat, Air, Moisture and Pollutant Transport Model Michael Salonvaara Jensen Zhang Mark Bomberg Task 1B Lead Thrust Lead Task 1A Lead Andreas Nicolai J . Smith Software integration Voc Extraction Miao Yang Miao Yang Material Characterization Material Characterization Hui Li Hui Li VOC Model & Full Scale Testing Full Scale Testing Beverly Guo Beverly Guo Chemistry Chemistry Zhibin Zhang Zhibin Zhang Chemistry Chemistry

VOC Emission Characterization and CHAMP Development EPA03 Thrust 1: Material Emissions and Pollutant Transport in Building Envelopes Overview (10 minutes, by J. Zhang) VOC extraction method development (10 minutes, by J. Smith) Dual-chamber test method development (10 minutes, by M. Salonvaara) CHAMP development & validation (20 minutes, by M. Salonvaara) EPA04 Tasks: T1.2 Model-based Characterization of Indoor Gaseous Emissions 10 minutes, by J. Zhang T3.2 Reduced order models for building interzonal transport