Enemy release in an invading seaweed

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Presentation transcript:

Enemy release in an invading seaweed Sofia A. Wikström, María B. Steinarsdottir, Lena Kautsky & Henrik Pavia

Enemy release Generalists Native range Specialists Herbivores New range Generalists Specialists Herbivores ?

Aim Evaluate the enemy release hypothesis for an invading seaweed Fucus evanescens

Tjärnö SW Iceland 1902 1952 1980 1898 1924 1928 1948 1990

Tång Field sampling 3 sites in Sweden and 3 in Iceland Fucus vesiculosus Ascophyllum nodosum Fucus evanescens Tång Field sampling 3 sites in Sweden and 3 in Iceland 4 plants from each site

Herbivore species richness

Herbivore abundance

Grazing damage

Herbivore preference Iceland Sweden Littorina obtusata Idotea granulosa

Conclusions Fucus evanescens has lower species richness and abundance of herbivores in new but not in native range Fucus evanescens is less damaged and less preferred in the new range but more damaged and preferred in the native range Enemy release despite similar community and low specificity? Importance of resistance to herbivory

Phlorotannin content

Phlorotannin content

Final conclusions Fucus evanescens is less utilised by herbivores in the new range Due to local adaptation of herbivores? Or higher level of defence? Important to compare defence levels in introduced and native plant populations when assessing enemy release

Acknowledgements Staff at Tjärnö Marine Biological Laboratory and Sandgerði Marine Centre Financing agencies: Swedish Environmental Protection Agency European Union Icelandic Centre for Research Stockholm Marine Research Centre