Chemsheets AS006 (Electron arrangement)

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Presentation transcript:

Chemsheets AS006 (Electron arrangement) 26/06/2018 www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk BIOCHEMISTRY © www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1103 22-July-2016

AMINO ACIDS amine group carboxylic acid group © www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1103 22-July-2016

AMINO ACIDS From Dept Bio Pemn State

Joining amino acids together to make polypeptides and proteins: Condensation reaction: molecules join and water is eliminated © www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1103 22-July-2016

Public domain image from wikipedia

Breaking down polypeptides and proteins into amino acids: Needs: acid or enzyme Hydrolysis reaction: reaction with water in which O-H bond breaks © www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1103 22-July-2016

Amino acids be analysed by TLC (can be stained using ninhydrin)

or view results under UV light

Rf values can identify amino acids solvent front Rf values can identify amino acids 5 cm For substance R Rf = 3 = 0.6 5 For substance S Rf = 4 = 0.8 4 cm 3 cm starting line R S © www.chemsheets.co.uk A2 1095 17-Jul-16

PROTEINS Public domain image from wikipedia

Helix held in shape by hydrogen bonds Public domain image from wikipedia Helix held in shape by hydrogen bonds

α-helix β-sheet

α-helix β-sheet

Public domain image from wikipedia

covalent bonds between amino acids 2y structure held by: hydrogen bonds 3y structure held by: disulfide bonds ionic attractions (e.g. COO– and NH3+) etc Public domain image from wikipedia

DNA

P DNA This is a NUCELOTIDE BASE phosphate group 2-deoxyribose SUGAR BASE 2-deoxyribose one of 4 bases: adenine guanine cytosine thymine

DNA DNA is a polymer made of: -sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate- P P P BASE P SUGAR BASE P SUGAR BASE

DNA part of a chain 2-deoxyribose phosphate

DNA adenine bonding site to deoxyribose H bonding site to base partner

DNA thymine bonding site to deoxyribose H bonding site to base partner

DNA guanine bonding site to deoxyribose H bonding site to base partner

DNA cytosine bonding site to deoxyribose H bonding site to base partner

DNA

BASE PAIRS IN DNA hydrogen bonding between base pairs holds DNA strands together thymine cytosine 0000 guanine adenine

BASE PAIRS IN DNA

Public domain image from wikipedia

Public domain image from wikipedia

CIS-PLATIN Very effective drug to fight cancer (e.g. testicular) Pt binds to N in guanine in DNA (substitutes for Cl- ligands) Stops DNA replication as binds two chains together

ENZYMES are proteins that act as catalysts in biological systems they bind to a substrate but are very stereospecific Public domain image from wikipedia

ENZYMES Drug action – blocks active sites to inhibit enzymes Public domain image from wikipedia