Think about the skill you picked for this semester Think about the skill you picked for this semester. How does nonverbal communication influence this skill?

Looking Forward Midway Self Assessment Second Exam Due: Monday, June 30 Second Exam Wednesday, July 2

Class Today Finish Nonverbal pictures/videos Discuss Listening Paper Partner Activity Lecture Material Midway Class Evaluation

What (if anything) did you learn from the listening assignment What (if anything) did you learn from the listening assignment? How did it relate to your HURIER scores?

Expectancy Violations Theory

Take Away Points Vocab: reciprocation, compensation, expectancy, valence What is an expectancy violation? What are the aspects that play a role in determining our expectations? What does violation valence and communicator reward valence mean? When an expectancy violation occurs, how do we determine how we feel about it? Cognitive valence theory builds off of EVT What aspects does CVT include that EVT does not? How do different levels of perceptions and physiological arousal change the outcome? You do NOT need to memorize the 6 things under cognitive schema (cultural appropriateness, personal predispositions, etc) What are microexpressions? What are the 6.5 universal emotions? How can you tell when someone is fake smiling?

Nonverbal Reactions Compensation Reciprocation When do you compensate vs. reciprocate? 2 Theories

Expectancy Violations Theory Purpose of theory: Explains reactions to (and consequences of) violated expectations in communication with others

Expectancy What we predict others will do during interaction with us

Expectancy Based on Some deviation from expectancy permitted Context, e.g., cultural norms, settings Relationship, e.g., similarity, familiarity, liking, status Communicator characteristics, e.g., demographics, appearance, style Some deviation from expectancy permitted But beyond that a “violation” occurs

Examples of Expectancy Violation Think of a recent time when someone did something that you didn’t expect (while interacting with you)? What did they do? How did you react? Tell story about Jake talking to me for the first time – f bomb

Violation Valence When a violation of expectancy occurs Interpretation – what does it mean? Evaluation – determine valence Positive – “I like it” Negative – “I don’t like it” BUT also depends on communicator reward valence

Communicator Reward Valence Before you were interpreting the behavior, now you’re thinking about the person When thinking about the person… Their positive and negative attributes E.g., is the person attractive, powerful, famous? “Rewarding” communicators

Putting EVT Together If I evaluate a violation positively, or the violation is ambiguous but communicator reward valence is positive… I will respond positively If I evaluate a violation negatively, or the violation is ambiguous and the communicator reward valence is negative… I will respond negatively

Critique What if violation valence and communicator reward valence contradict – which counts more? Theory says violation valence…do you agree?

Discussion Question How can you use this theory to your advantage or in your day-to- day life?

Cognitive Valence Theory Peter Anderson (theorist) thought that EVT wasn’t complex enough So he came up with CVT

Different than EVT

Microexpressions

There are 6.5 universal emotions Anger, Happiness, Disgust, Surprise, Sadness, Fear

Contempt – added later

www.paulekman.com

www.paulekman.com

Micro-Expressions Test Yourself! http://www.cio.com/article/facial-expressions-test

Smiling Genuine smiling = halo effect Friendliness Kindness Altruism Godoy et al., 2005 Women report using more fake smiling than men, and use it to mask negative emotions Woodzicka, 2008

Fake vs. Genuine Smiles http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/surveys/smiles/ I got 17 out of 20 correct

Genuine Smile Automatic Response Watch corner of eyes Eyebrow movement Wrinkles appear Eyes crease, sometimes become narrower Eyebrow movement G: 1, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 19 F: 2,3,4,7,9,12,13,14,18,20

Take Away Points Vocab: reciprocation, compensation, valence What is an expectancy violation? What are the aspects that play a role in determining our expectations? What does violation valence and communicator reward valence mean? When an expectancy violation occurs, how do we determine how we feel about it? Cognitive valence theory builds off of EVT What aspects does CVT include that EVT does not? How do different levels of perceptions and physiological arousal change the outcome? You do NOT need to memorize the 6 things under cognitive schema (cultural appropriateness, personal predispositions, etc) What are microexpressions? What are the 6.5 universal emotions? How can you tell when someone is fake smiling?

Class Midway Evaluations What are three things that Lisa should continue doing? What are three things that Lisa could change?