Purpose: This chapter reviews the physical layer and describes how to cable various network devices. Timing: This chapter takes approximately 1 hour to present. Note: This section has a cabling laboratory exercise at the end. Contents: Objectives—This section explains what the student will be able to do at the end of this chapter. Cabling the LAN—This section describes available Ethernet connections. Cabling the WAN—This section describes the cabling of serial and ISDN BRI connections. Setting up Console Connections to Cisco Devices—This section describes how to cable a console connection. Laboratory Exercise—This section provides a laboratory exercise in which students cable the lab. Summary—This section summarizes what was taught in this chapter. Review Questions—This section offers open-ended review questions. They should foster discussion after presenting the chapter. Transition: Following are the list of performance objectives that describe what students will be able to do at the end of the chapter.

Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to perform the following tasks: Identify and connect necessary components to enable connectivity between routers or switches Identify and connect necessary components to enable WAN connectivity over serial or ISDN BRI connections Purpose: this figure states the chapter objectives. Emphasize: Read or state each objective so each student has a clear understanding of the chapter objectives.

Objectives (cont.) Set up console connections between routers, switches and a terminal Document the physical topology, including cable types and cable locations on each internetworking device (cont.) Purpose: this figure states the chapter objectives. Emphasize: Read or state each objective so each student has a clear understanding of the chapter objectives.

Cabling the Campus Legend FastEthernet/ Ethernet ISDN Dedicated Core_Server Purpose: this figure highlights the LAN network. In this section, students will learn how to cable the LAN. Note: The figure illustrates two workgroup LANS, both connecting into core switches. core_sw_a Leased Line/ Frame Relay ISDN Cloud

LAN Physical Layer Implementations Physical layer implementations vary Some implementations support multiple physical media Data Link (MAC layer) 802.3 Emphasize: You may want to explain how cable names are determined. They follow the following pattern: The first number describes the speed of the cable. The next word describes whether it is baseband or broadband cable. The final letter(s) describe the media. 100 Mbps cables are used for Fast Ethernet. T represents twisted pair media. F represents fiber. For example, 10BaseT is 10 Mbps baseband twisted-pair cable. Ethernet Physical 10Base2 10Base5 10BaseT 10BaseF 100baseTX 100baseFX 100baseT4 DIX Standard 802.3 Specifications for 10mb Ethernet 802.3u Specifications for 100mb (Fast) Ethernet

Positioning Ethernet in the Campus Ethernet 10BaseT Position Fast Ethernet Position Access Layer Access Layer Provides connectivty between the end user device and the access switch. Gives high-performance PC and workstations 100-Mbps access to the server. Distribution Layer Distribution Layer Not typically used at this layer. Provides connectivity between access and distribution layers. Provides connectivity from the distribution to core layer. Provides connectivity from the server block to the core layer. Emphasize: The table in the figure, compares 10baseT and Fast Ethernet. It also describes where in the hierarchical model Ethernet and Fast Ethernet can be seen. Core Layer Provides inter-switch connectivity. Not typically used at this layer. Core Layer

Comparing Ethernet Media Requirements 62.5/125 micron multi-mode fiber 10Base5 10BaseT 100BaseTX 100BaseFX EIA/TIA Cat 3, 4, 5 UTP 2 pair EIA/TIA Cat 5 UTP 2 pair 62.5/125 micron multi-mode fiber 50-ohm coax (thick) Media Maximum Segment Length 500 meters 100 meters 100 meters 400 meters Purpose: This figure further compares various Ethernet options. Topology Bus Star Star Point-to-Point Duplex media- interface connector (MIC) ST ISO 8877 (RJ-45) ISO 8877 (RJ-45) Connector AUI

Differentiating between Connections ISO 8877 (RJ-45) connectors and jacks are slightly larger than RJ-11 phone connectors and jacks AUI connectors are DB15 Purpose: This figure illustrates the different ports used in Ethernet. Emphasize: RJ-45 ports are common on Cisco platforms. Some devices also offer DB-15 interfaces for AUI. If the cable is fiber, the port will look different. Point each port out to the students. Note: If you have devices available that have the various ports, show the actual ports to your students. Fiber Connector Port

UTP Device The RJ-45 Connector Wire Pair T is Tip R is Ring Pin 1 2 Pair 2 R2 1 3 Pair 3 T3 Purpose: This figure illustrates an unshielded twisted-pair RJ-45 connector. Emphasize: the RJ-45 has eight pins. Some are for tip (T) and some for ring(R). 4 Pair 1 R1 8 5 Pair 1 T1 6 Pair 3 R3 7 Pair 4 T4 The RJ-45 Connector 8 Pair 4 R4

UTP Implementation Straight-through Cable 10BaseT/ 100BaseT Straight-through Straight-through Cable 8 1 Hub/Switch Server/Router 8 Pin Label 1 TD+ 2 TD- 3 RD+ 4 NC 5 NC 6 RD- 7 NC 8 NC 1 Pin Label 1 RD+ 2 RD- 3 TD+ 4 NC 5 NC 6 TD- 7 NC 8 NC 8 1 w o b g br 8 1 w o b g br Emphasize: Make sure each student has seen a Cat 5 cable. Describe the test for straight through cable determination. If you hold the two ends of an RJ-45 cable side by side, you'll see eight colored strips, or pins, at each end. If the order of the colored pins is the same at each end, then the cable is straight through. If the order of the colors is reversed at each end, then the cable is crossed over or rolled. Straight-thru Ethernet uses pins 1, 2, 3, and 6. Straight-thru cables are used for switch to router cabling, switch to PC or server cabling, or hub to PC or server cabling. Wires on cable ends are in same order

UTP Implementation Crossover Cable 10BaseT/ 100BaseT Crossover Crossover Cable Hub/Switch Hub/Switch 8 1 Pin Label 1 RD+ 2 RD- 3 TD+ 4 NC 5 NC 6 TD- 7 NC 8 NC Pin Label 1 RD+ 2 RD- 3 TD+ 4 NC 5 NC 6 TD- 7 NC 8 NC 1 8 8 1 w o o w b w g g br w br 8 1 Emphasize: Make sure each student has seen a Cat 5 cable. Describe the test for crossover cable determination. If you hold the two ends of an RJ-45 cable side by side, you'll see eight colored strips, or pins, at each end. If the order of the colored pins is the same at each end, then the cable is straight through. If the order of the colors is reversed at each end, then the cable is crossed over or rolled. Ethernet uses pins 1, 2, 3, and 6. For crossover, pin 1 is connected to 3, and oin 2 is connected to 6. Crossover cables are used for switch to switch cabling, PC to PC cabling, switch to hub cabling, hub to hub cabling, or router to router cabling. Some wires on cable ends are crossed br w g w br w o w b b o g

UTP Implementation of Straight-through versus Crossover 1x 2x 3x 4x Use straight-through when only one port is designated with an X. Purpose: This figure describes a simple way to determine whether one should use a crossover or straight thru cable. 1x 2x 3x 4x 2x 3x 4x 1x Use a crossover cable when BOTH ports are designated with an x or neither port is designated with an x.

Cabling the Campus Determine the physical media used- 10mb or 100mb Indicates what type of CAT cable is required Locating interfaces on the chassis- determine if one or both ports have an X Indicates if need crossover or straight-through cable 100 Mbps Cat 5 Crossover Emphasize: Highlight the various cables and the devices they connect. Reference: for more information, the following URL providees more information on LAN cabling: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/701/14.html Also see the Cable Specifications appendix that is included in most Installation and configuration guides. 10 Mbps Cat 3, 4, 5 Crossover 10 Mbps Cat 3, 4, 5 Straight-through 10 Mbps Cat 3, 4, 5 Straight-through 100 Mbps Cat 5 Straight-through

Cabling the WAN Legend FastEthernet/ Ethernet ISDN Dedicated ISL Core_Server core_sw_b core_sw_b Purpose: This figure highlights the WAN network. In this section, students will learn how to cable the WAN. Note: The figure illustrates two workgroup WANs. One is an ISDN connection to a home office. The other illustrates a serial Frame Relay or leased line connection to a branch office. core_sw_a Leased Line/ Frame Relay ISDN Cloud

WAN Physical Layer Implementations Physical layer implementations vary Cable specifications define speed of link Frame Relay HDLC PPP ISDN BRI (with PPP) Purpose: This figure illustrates the various WAN standards. Emphasize: The serial standards presented in this course, are presented in the figure. For ISDN, use an RJ-45 port. The cable differs from ports used for serial connections. Note that RJ-45 connections will fit into an RJ-48 and vice versa. Tell students not to connect an ISDN cable into anything other than an ISDN port. EIA/TIA-232 EIA/TIA-449 X.121 V.24 V.35 HSSI RJ-45 NOTE: Pinouts are different than RJ-45 used in campus

Differentiating Between WAN Serial Connectors End user device Router connections DTE Purpose: This section describes the various serial standards that support leased line connections. Emphasize: The same 60-pin end that attaches to a Cisco device supports all standards illustrated. CSU/ DSU DCE Service provider EIA/TIA-232 EIA/TIA-449 V.35 X.21 EIA-530 Network connections at the CSU/DSU

Serial Implementation of DTE versus DCE Data Terminal Equipment End of the user’s device on the WAN link Data Communications Equipment End of the WAN provider’s side of the communication facility DCE is responsible for clocking Modem CSU/DSU DTE DCE Purpose: This section describes the DTE and DCE. Emphasize: The DTE end attached to your router and the DCE end attaches the the CSU/DSU (or modem) which is attached to the service provider’s network. DTE and DCE do not refer to male and female connectors. Note: Data switching equipment (DSE) is an additional term sometimes used to describe the switch components that appear inside the cloud. The DSE adds and removes channels assigned inside the WAN. The DSE connects traffic from various sources to their final destinations through other switches. S S S S S S DTE DCE DCE DTE DTE/DCE—The point where responsibility passes

Serial WAN ports can be fixed Fixed Interfaces 2500 Router—rear view Purpose: This figure shows fixed interface router such as a 2500. Emphasize: The router in the figure is a Cisco 2500 router with Ethernet, serial, and ISDN interfaces.. A fixed interface router requires no additional hardware interfaces to operate. However, once you acquire a fixed component router such as a 2500, you cannot change interfaces. Note: Show students the physical router used in the laboratory exercise. Serial WAN ports can be fixed

Modular Interfaces Serial WAN ports can be modular WAN Interface Card Serial WAN ports can be modular 1603 Router—rear view Module Ethernet 10BaseT Ethernet AUI ISDN BRI S/T Console 3640 Router— rear view Purpose: This figure shows modular interface routers. Emphasize: A modular interface router requires additional hardware network modules and/or WAN interface cards. This generally costs more than a fixed interface router. However, you have the flexibility to change the interface components as your network scales. When configuring an interface on a fixed configuration router, some interfaces must be called out with the slot and port. Note: The figure displays a 1603 router with a 60-pin WAN interface card. It also displays a 3640 with an 8 port serial network module. The laboratory exercise suggests the use of a 3640 as the core router. If you use this router, show the students the various network modules you have installed.

Cabling Routers for ISDN Connections Determine if you need a BRI S/T or U Interface Routers have one or both types of ports Note port Label Purpose: This figure describes which IADN BRI port may be required. Emphasize: Routers with native ISDN BRI interfaces will have S/T or U interfaces. U interfaces have a built in NT1. S/T interfaces do not. In the United States, the service provider generally requires that the customer supply the NT1. If you must supply the NT1, select a router with a U interface, or select a router with an S/T interface attached to an external NT1. In Europe, the NT1 is supplied by the service provider. So, acquire a device with and S/T interface.

Cabling Routers for ISDN Connections (cont.) Cisco Router ISDN BRI port !!!WARNING!!! Do not connect a cable into an ISDN port unless it is from an ISDN switch or ISDN wall jack. If you connect a cable from any other device into the BRI port, you will ruin the non-ISDN device. Emphasize: Stress that damage to ISDN equipment will occur if you connect non-ISDN cables to ISDN ports, interface, and switches. Transition: To configure ISDN or any network device parameters, you must have a console connection.

Setting up a Console Connection Device with console PCs require an RJ-45 to DB-9 or RJ-45 to DB-25 adapter COM port settings are 9600 bps, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, no flow control This provides out-of-band console access AUX switch port may be used for modem-connected console Emphasize: Rollover cables are not the same as crossover cables. The pinouts for a rollover cable are 1-8, 2-7, 3-6, 4-5, 5-4, 6-3, and so on. Students must also set up a HyperTerminal console session if they are on a Microsoft Windows ‘95 platform. The instructions to establish a console session using HyperTerminal are in the HyperTerminal appendix.

Visual Objective ... LL/FR ISDN wg_pc_a console e0/1 (1x) console A/B console e0/2 (2x) fa0/26 (Ax) e0 s0 wg_sw_a wg_ro_a bri0 wg_pc_l console e0/1 (1x) A/B Objectives: Using the cables and devices provided, cable the network used in the remaining laboratory exercises. Purpose: Teach students about the proper cables to use. Laboratory Instructions: Refer to the Lab Setup Guide. console s0 fa0/26 (Ax) e0/2 (2x) e0 LL/FR wg_ro_l wg_sw_l bri0 ... ISDN ... fa0/1 (1x) fa0/12 (12x) fa0/24 (24x) s3/0 s1/0 - s2/3 fa0/23 (23x) fa0/0 core_ server core_sw_a core_ro

Summary After completing this chapter, you should be able to perform the following tasks: Identify and connect necessary components to enable connectivity between switches and routers Identify and connect necessary components to enable WAN connectivity between over serial or ISDN BRI connections Set up console connections on routers and switches Document the physical topology of a network, including cable types and locations Purpose: Review the summary items with your students. Emphasize: Read or restate the summary statements. By now, your presentation and classroom discussion should have students able to meet the chapter learning objectives.

Review Questions 1. Discuss three standards on which Ethernet LAN implementations are based. 2. If you want to upgrade your switch to switch connectivity to 100BaseT, what category of cable do you need? 3. Does the following pinout scheme reflect a straight-through, rollover, or crossover cable? 4. What media can be used for each connector type? 8 1 w 0 o w b w g g br w br 8 1 w g g w b w o o br w br Purpose: Review the chapter with open ended questions. Note: The questions in this section are open ended questions designed to foster further discussion. Answers the the review questions are in the “Answers” appendix. A B C