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World History II People to Know Review

World Religions Founder of Judaism Abraham Led Jews out of Egypt in the exodus Moses Islamic name for God Allah Founder of Islam Muhammad

World Religions Founder of Buddhism Siddhārtha Gautama Founder of Christianity : according to Christians he is the messiah Jesus of Nazareth

Medieval/Crusades/Catholic Church/Renaissance Muslims from Asia Minor Defeated Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul Traded coffee and ceramics Spread Islam to Middle East, North Africa, and Balkan Peninsula Ottoman Turks Head of Roman Catholic Church Pope

Renaissance Artist- Painted Sistine Chapel and sculpted David Michelangelo Most famous Christian humanist Erasmus Father of Humanism Francesco Petrarch Renaissance playwright and writer of sonnets William Shakespeare

Renaissance artist – Painted Mona Lisa and Last Supper Leonardo da Vinci Invented Printing Press, helped spread Renaissance ideas Johannes Gutenberg

Reformation Made Anglican the official English Religion. Religious tolerance Elizabeth I \ Broke with Catholic Church Created Anglican Church Ruled Anglican Church Henry VIII German monk, faith alone, 95 Theses Martin Luther Predestination, Theocracy, Fled from France John Calvin

-- Jesuits Founded the Jesuits Ignatius Loyola French Catholic, changed the focus of the 30 Years War to political from religious Cardinal Richelieu Founded the Jesuits Ignatius Loyola Catholic order that proselytized for all over the world for Catholic Church -- Jesuits

Exploration Portugal- brought people together to study navigation Prince Henry Wanted to sail West to get to Asia –landed in Caribbean- thought he was in India Christopher Columbus

His crew was first to circumnavigate the globe Magellan First Englishman to sail around globe Drake Spanish Conquistador- conquered Aztecs Cortez Spanish Conquistador – conquered Incas Pizarro

English explorer- sailed off the coast of Northern Canada John Cabot Portuguese explorer Cabral French explorer- claimed Canada for France Cartier Portuguese- first to find water route to Asia Vasco da Gama

World Empires Muslims- ruled India- built Taj Mahal Mughals Muslims- Asia Minor- coffee and ceramics Ottomans

Set up trading enclaves for foreigners to trade in Chinese Africans – traded salt and gold Songhai Kicked out foreigners and became isolationist Japanese

Native American civilization- Yucatan- famous for pyramids Native American civilization- Mexico- corn Aztecs Native American civilization- Peru- Andes Mts.- roads and bridges Incas Native American civilization- Yucatan- famous for pyramids - Mayans

WHII.6a Scientific Revolution Complete chart during presentation!

What was life like PRIOR to the Scientific Revolution?

What was life like prior to the Scientific Revolution? Knowledge was often based on superstition or beliefs. Disagreeing with the Catholic Church was heresy

What was the Scientific Revolution?

What was the Scientific Revolution? Emphasis on reason and systematic observation of nature. Using logic and observation to figure something out, not just your beliefs. Importance of scientific instruments. Formulation of the scientific method. Expansion of knowledge.

WHII.6a Scientific Revolution Complete chart during presentation!

Claudius Ptolemy Egyptian Astronomer Geocentric Theory “Earth Centered” The sun and other planets move around the sun.

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) Polish Astronomer/Scientist Heliocentric “sun-centered” Earth and other planets revolve around the sun. Earth is round and rotates and its axis. Feared the Roman Catholic Church.

Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) Planetary Motion – Earth moves in oval paths called ellipses around the sun. Proved the heliocentric theory correct. Challenged the Roman Catholic Church

Galileo Galilei Built the telescope. Proved the Heliocentric theory and Planetary Motion correct. Forced to recant by Pope Urban VIII

Isaac Newton English Scientist Used reason to discover Laws of Gravity, Laws of Motion, and calculus.

William Harvey English Physician Used laboratory experiments to prove how blood moves throughout the body using veins and arteries. Studied the working of the heart.

Terms Scientific Revolution – Transformation in thinking that occurred during the 1500s and 1600s caused by scientific observation, experimentation, and the questions of traditional opinions. Scientific method – Method of inquiry that includes carefully conducted experiments and mathematical calculations to verity the results of experiments.

Terms Geocentric theory – theory according to Ptolemy that Earth is the center of the universe. Heliocentric theory – theory developed by Copernicus that the sun is the center of the universe.