THE First Presidents: Washington, Adams, & Jefferson

George Washington – 1st President 1789-1797 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iEKU8Mp9ydY

What is this painting commemorating?

What is this painting commemorating?

What is this painting commemorating?

Background Fought in the French & Indian War Commander in Chief: during Revolutionary war Crossing the Delaware  increase in enlistment Valley Forge  boost soldier morale Yorktown Cornwallis surrenders (‘MERICA!) Assisted in Constitutional Convention - elected president (1789-1797)

- George Washington April 16, 1789 ''About 10 o'clock I bade farewell to Mount Vernon, to private life, and to domestic felicity; and with a mind oppressed with more anxious and painful sensations than I have words to express, set out for New York.”

Democratic Republicans Whiskey Rebellion Farewell Address Thomas Jefferson Democratic Republicans Alexander Hamilton Federalist Factions John Adams Alien and Sedition Acts Virginia Resolution Kentucky Resolution Election of 1800 Louisiana Purchase Lewis and Clark

Precedents: examples to follow Cabinet, Mr. President, presidential authority, & 2 terms (inaugural and farewell address) Selects an Executive Cabinet: group of advisors to the president, part of the executive branch John Adams = Vice President (2nd place) Alexander Hamilton = secretary of the treasury Thomas Jefferson = secretary of state (foreign relations) Approved by the Senate!

Call me “Mr. President.”

Hamilton and Jefferson disagree on how government should function: Interpreting the constitution LOOSE CONSTRUCTION STRICT CONSTRUCTION BROAD AND VAGUE INTERPRETATION OF RULES AND LAWS THAT ARE WRITTEN IN CONSTITUTION… GIVES MORE “WIGGLE ROOM” TO WHAT THE GOV’T CAN DO POWERS OF GOV’T ARE LIMITED TO WHAT IT SAYS IN CONSTITUTION… IF IT DOESN’T SAY YOU CAN DO IT…YOU CAN’T DO IT!

Washington Supports the National Bank LOOSE CONSTRUCTION! Washington Supports the National Bank Pay off war debt > import tariffs (taxes) federal gov’t wants to take over state’s debts and regulate their banks Doesn’t say national gov’t can do this in the Constitution but claim it is for “general welfare” States’ rights supporters see this as abuse of power! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXIwNlWnuVw (student project – movie trailer on the whiskey rebellion)

The first political parties https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KnPB37YB7I&list=PLERrgEmN- _JvYYBee5kgZmxwQkH8STu7N

41. What kind of government did Hamilton favor 41. What kind of government did Hamilton favor? What kind of people supported Hamilton? What were they called? 42. What kind of government did Jefferson favor? What kind of people supported Jefferson? What were they called? What developed as a result of the differences between Hamilton & Jefferson?

GW supported Whiskey Tax - to pay off war debt This angered many people Whiskey Rebellion rebels close courts and attack collectors Washington sends 12,000 soldiers to squash rebellion quickly! Shows presidential authority (precedent!) Gov’t will not tolerate armed rebellion!!!! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8lxF0-HAhs8

What represents the rebels? “My poor Humphrey, let us tar and feather the radical” What represents the rebels? What represents the gov’t? Is this cartoonist angry with a loose or strict constructionist?

Steps Down after only 2 terms (precedent!) Declined to run in 1796: wanted to escape the turmoil of politics and set an example by walking away from power

Farewell Address (precedent!) GW gives a speech to say farewell to the presidency Gives 2 warnings: Remain Neutral: don’t get involved with foreign conflict No political parties (factions): threatens the unity of the republic

Washington’s Farewell Address

38. What did the Whiskey Rebellion demonstrate about the power of the government under the Constitution? 39. What precedents did George Washington establish as President? 40. In his farewell address, what did Washington say about political parties and foreign alliances?

1800 Election Results https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_zTN4BXvYI Adams Jefferson https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_zTN4BXvYI

Thomas Jefferson and John Adams Activity Complete the packet and using the assigned readings. This will be a small project grade!!!

John Adams – 2nd President

Background 1. Lawyer that represented British soldiers after Boston Massacre (I LAW) 2. Vice President under Washington 3. Federalist – political party in favor of a strong Federal gov’t https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUeOCjcgVsE

Adams’ VP = Jefferson Back then, 2nd place became VP TJ was a Democratic Republican political party in favor of stronger state gov’t (But Adams was a Federalist!!) 2. What might happen if the country has a President and a Vice President from different parties??

Adams’ Presidency 1. Britain and France @ war a. French seize American trade ships and claim them to be contraband (war materials) headed to enemy country (Britain) 2. Adams sends Secretary of State to France to negotiate

4. Est. peacetime army (10,000 men) and builds Navy >>> taxes 5. Alien & Sedition Acts - laws intended to frighten foreigners Alien - Pres could deport/imprison “dangerous” aliens (foreigners) Sedition - Forbade people from writing/speaking out against gov’t https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x qAt8A0W204

Adams becomes unpopular…

Thomas Jefferson - 3rd President

Time Out 43. What was the XZY Affair? What effect did the XYZ Affair have on foreign relations? 44. What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?

Review Videos The Constitution, The Articles, & Federalism https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bO7FQsCcb D8&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7Obz O7s&index=8 Where US Politics came from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r161cLYzuDI &list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7 s&index=9