A steganographic method for digital images using side match

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Presentation transcript:

A steganographic method for digital images using side match Source: Pattern Recognition Letters, Volume: 25, Issue: 12, Sep., 2004, pp. 1431-1437 Author: Chin-Chen Chang and Hsien-Wen Tseng Speaker: Na-I Wu (吳男益)

Outline Introductions The Proposed Scheme The Experimental Results Conclusions

Introduction Edge areas: Hide more secret data Smooth areas: Hide less secret data Side Match Two-sided three-sided

The Proposed Scheme Two-sided match steganography Pu: The pixel value say, gu Px: The pixel value say, gx PL: The pixel value say, gl d = (gu +gl) / 2 – gx If (d is -1, 0, 1) one bit hide into Px by LSB end Ex: gu=100, gx=101, gu=100,d=(100+100)/2-101=-1 So, gx=1100101, if secret data is “1” No Modify if secret data is “0” 1100100(2)=100(10)

Two-sided match steganography Embedding Algorithm d = (gu +gl) / 2 – gx 14 = (40 +82) / 2 – 47 計算要藏幾個bit 3 = log2 |14| 要藏3 bits101。 n = log2 |d| n: 要藏的bit數。 (1)將n轉換成十進制b (2)計算新的差值 d’=2n+b, if d > 1 d’=-(2n+b), if d<1 13=23+5, if d > 1 重新調整gx值 gx=(gu +gl)/2 – d’ 48 = (40 +82) / 2 – 13

Two-sided match steganography Extracting Algorithm d= (40+82)/2-48=13 40 48 82 3 = log2 |13| 表示有藏3 bits 13 – 23 = 5 5 = 101(2)

Three-sided match steganography d = (gu +gl+gr) / 3 – gx g’x = (gu +gl+gr) / 3 – d’

Four-sided match steganography d = (gu +gl+gr+gb) / 4 – gx g’x = (gu +gl+gr+gb) / 4 – d’

The Experimental Results Methods Lenna Baboon Capacity PSNR 2-sided 389,004 41.22 660,725 33.53 3-sided 267,242 45.03 483,758 34.93 4-sided 164,538 48.18 298,413 38.56

Conclusions An efficient steganographic method to embed secret information into images without producing perceptible distortions. There is no need of referencing the original image when extracting the secret data The pixels in edge areas may hide more secret data than smooth ares.