Lecture 11: Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes and Ketones

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Presentation transcript:

Lecture 11: Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes and Ketones Chemistry - SPRING 2016 Course lecturer : Jasmin Šutković 18 th May 2016

Contents Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, and Ethers Properties of Alcohols International University of Sarajevo Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, and Ethers Properties of Alcohols Naming of Alcohols Ethers as anesthetics Aldehydes and Ketones Naming of Ald. and Ket. Some important Ald. and Ket.

Introduction Functional groups – organic compounds with oxygen and sulfur atoms Anesthetics- Diethyl ether Aldehydes as perfumes Alcohols as beverages (drings) and desinfectants

Alcohols In an alcohol, the functional group known as a hydroxyl group (¬OH) replaces a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon.

Phenols In a phenol, the hydroxyl group replaces a hydrogen atom attached to a benzene ring.

Naming and Isomers

Naming - example

Thiols A thiol contains a sulfur atom, shown in yellow-green in the ball-and-stick model, which makes a thiol similar to an alcohol except that ¬OH is replaced by an ¬SH group.

Ethers In an ether, the functional group consists of an oxygen atom which is attached to two carbon atoms (¬O¬)

Aldehydes and Ketones Aldehydes and ketones contain a carbonyl group that consists of a carbon–oxygen double bond with two groups of atoms attached to the carbon at angles of 120°.

Naming of Aldehydes In the IUPAC system, an aldehyde is named by replacing the e of the corresponding alkane name with al.

Naming of Ketones In the IUPAC system, the name of a ketone is obtained by replacing the e in the corresponding alkane name with one.

Example naming

Properties of Ald. and Ket. Aldehydes and ketones contain a polar carbonyl group (carbon–oxygen double bond), which has a partially negative oxygen atom and a partially positive carbon atom. Because the electronegative oxygen atom forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules, aldehydes and ketones with one to four carbons are very soluble.

INFORMATION FOR PROJECTS Next Monday (second hour) presentations starts! 4 Groups will present! Each presentation max 8 minutes + 2 minutes questions! The groups who will present the 23th May will be informed by end of this day.