(The Enlightenment) [1650-1800] Topic #9: Age of Reason (The Enlightenment) [1650-1800] I. Characteristics A. The Church: Cold Orthodoxy Respectability

B. The Broader Culture Rationalism Topic #9: Age of Reason I. Characteristics B. The Broader Culture Rationalism

New Humanism Topic #9: Age of Reason I. Characteristics B. Broader Culture New Humanism

Topic #9: Age of Reason I. Characteristics B. Broader Culture Doctrine of Progress From the state of nature, where life is “solitary, poore, nasty, brutish and short.” – Thomas Hobbes To “civilization” governed by reason

Opposition to Christianity Deism Topic #9: Age of Reason I. Characteristics B. Broader Culture Opposition to Christianity Deism

C. Causes of the Growth of Rationalism Topic #9: Age of Reason I. Characteristics C. Causes of the Growth of Rationalism Secularization of the Renaissance Mother & child instead of Madonna & child “Birth of Venus” – scene from mythology instead of from Bible Portraiture instead of paintings of the saints.

Religious Wars Topic #9: Age of Reason I. Characteristics C. Causes of the Growth of Rationalism Religious Wars

Separation of theology and philosophy Topic #9: Age of Reason I. Characteristics C. Causes of the Growth of Rationalism Separation of theology and philosophy Philosophy serves revelation. Philosophy replaces revelation.

Modern Science Isaac Newton Topic #9: Age of Reason I. Characteristics C. Reasons for the Growth of Rationalism Modern Science Isaac Newton

II. Response in Germany: Pietism A. Philip Spener (1635-1705) Topic #9: Age of Reason II. Response in Germany: Pietism A. Philip Spener (1635-1705)

B. August Hermann Franke (1663-1727) Topic #9: Age of Reason II. Response in Germany: Pietism B. August Hermann Franke (1663-1727) Orphanage in Halle

C. Pietism and Missions Danish-Halle Mission Topic #9: Age of Reason II. Response in Germany: Pietism C. Pietism and Missions Danish-Halle Mission Bartholomaeus Ziegenbalg – first Protestant missionary to India.

Count Nicholas von Zinzendorf (1700-1760) Topic #9: Age of Reason II. Response in Germany: Pietism C. Pietism and Missions Moravian Missions Moravians Count Nicholas von Zinzendorf (1700-1760)

Bishop Cornelius Jansen Topic #9: Age of Reason III. Response in France: Jansenism Cornelius Jansen (1585-1638) Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) Bishop Cornelius Jansen Blaise Pascal

Bishop Joseph Butler (1692-1752) Topic #9: Age of Reason IV. Response in England Bishop Joseph Butler (1692-1752)

V. Response in England & America: Revival Topic #9: Age of Reason V. Response in England & America: Revival Great Awakening Began in New Jersey Jonathan Edwards

Evangelical Revival The “Holy Club” George Whitefield (1714-1770) Topic #9: Age of Reason V. Response in England and America: Revival Evangelical Revival The “Holy Club” George Whitefield (1714-1770)

Evangelical Revival John Wesley (1703-1791) Charles Wesley (1708-1788) Topic #9: Age of Reason V. Response in England and America: Revival Evangelical Revival John Wesley (1703-1791) Charles Wesley (1708-1788) John Wesley Wesley followed Whitefield and preached outdoors. Wesley’s genius was organizing his converts. Charles Wesley