Class VIII: Pronominal suffixes Dr. Esa Autero LAN 404 Beginning Hebrew I *Photo from https://www.flickr.com/photos/58558794@N07/7628799526/in/photostream/ Class VIII: Pronominal suffixes Dr. Esa Autero

Pronominal suffixes 1.1 Introduction Previous class – pronouns (I, he, she, we, they…) This class – possessive pronouns (his, her, our…) & objective pronouns (him, her, us…) Appear attached to nouns, prepositions, direct obj. marker On nouns: “his book”, “her house” etc. On prepositions: “in him”, “to them” etc.  Pronominal suffixes *Photo: https://www.flickr.com/photos/kjfnjy/5248545727/in/photostream/

Pronominal suffixes 2.1 Form, use, and meaning of pronominal suffixes Two sets of pronominal suffixes: Type 1 and Type 2 Type 1 suffixes occur with Singular nouns and some prepositions Type 2 suffixes occur with Plural nouns and some prepositions *

Translation: possessive/objective Pronominal suffixes Type 1 Type 2 Translation: possessive/objective Sg. 1c. ִי ַי My/me Sg. 2m. ךָ ֶיךָ Your/ you Sg. 2f. ךְ ַיִךְ Sg. 3m. וֹ ָיו His (its)/ him (it) Sg. 3f. ָהּ ֶיהָ Her (its)/ her (it) Pl. 1c. נוּ ֵינוּ Our/ us Pl. 2m. כֶם ֵיכֶם Pl. 2f. כֶן ֵיכֶן Pl. 3m. הֶם ֵיהֶם Their/ them Pl. 3f. הֶן ֵיהֶן *

Pronominal suffixes Notes on the pronominal suffixes Type 1 suffixes  mostly w/ singular nouns Type 2 suffixes  mostly w/ plural nouns Type 2 suffixes have י as part of the spelling  Distinguishing mark of Type 2 suffixes The dot in the ה on Type 1 sg. 3f. Suffix (הּ) is not a Daghesh but Mappiq Alternate forms similar to Type 1 form suffixes – need to be memorized *

Important to memorize alternate form Pronominal suffixes Type 1 Suffix Alternate form Sg. 1c. ִי נִי Sg. 3m. וֹ הוּ Sg. 3f. ָהּ הָ Pl. 3m. הֶם ָם Pl. 3f. הֶן ָו * Important to memorize alternate form

Pronominal suffixes סוּסִי סוּסַי סוּסְךָ סוּסֶ֫יךָ סוּסֵךְ סוּסַ֫יִךְ Masculine nouns with pronominal suffixes Type 1 – masculine sg. Type 2 – masculine pl. Sg. 1c. סוּסִי My horse סוּסַי My horses Sg. 2m. סוּסְךָ Your horse סוּסֶ֫יךָ Your horses Sg. 2f. סוּסֵךְ סוּסַ֫יִךְ Sg. 3m. סוּסוּ His horse סוּסָיו His horses Sg. 3f. סוּסָהּ Her horse סוּסֶ֫יהָ Her horses Pl. 1c. סוּסֵ֫נוּ Our horse סוּסֵ֫ינוּ Our horses Pl. 2m. סוּסְכֶם סוּסֵיכֶם Pl. 2f. סוּסְכֶן סוּסֵיכֶן Pl. 3m. סוּסָם Their horse סוּסֵיהֶם Their horses Pl. 3f. סוּסָן סוּסֵיהֶן * Alternative endings

Pronominal suffixes Notes on masculine nouns w/ pronominal suffixes Singular noun may take sg. or pl. suffixes סוּסִי my horse סוּסֵ֫נוּ our horse Plural nouns may also take sg. or pl. suffixes When suffix is added to pl. masc. nounִים ending is dropped Recognizable per Type 2 ending If feminine word takes a masculine pl. ending, it’ll follow masc. pl. pattern e.g. עָירִים (cities) עָרֵיכֶם (your cities) Nouns ending w/ ֶה often drop the ending before adding suffixes E.g. שָׂדֶה (field) שָׂדְךָ (your field) שָׂדִי (my field) *

Pronominal suffixes תּוֹרָתִי תּוֹרוֹתַי תֹּורָֽתְךָ תּוֹרוֹתֵֶ֫ךָ Feminine nouns with pronominal suffixes Type 1 – feminine sg. Type 2 – feminine pl. Sg. 1c. תּוֹרָתִי My law תּוֹרוֹתַי My laws Sg. 2m. תֹּורָֽתְךָ Your law תּוֹרוֹתֵֶ֫ךָ Your laws Sg. 2f. תּוֹרָתֵךְ תּוֹרוֹתַ֫יִךְ Sg. 3m. תּוֹרָתוֹ His law תּוֹרוֹתָיו His laws Sg. 3f. תּוֹרָתָהּ Her law תּוֹרוֹתֶ֫יהָ Her laws Pl. 1c. תּוֹרָתֵ֫נוּ Our law תּוֹרוֹתֵ֫ינוּ Our laws Pl. 2m. תּוֹרַתְכֶם תּוֹתוֹתֵיכֶם Pl. 2f. תּוֹרַתְכֶן תּוֹרוֹתֵיכֶן Pl. 3m. תּוֹרָתָם Their law תּוֹרוֹתֵיהֶם Their laws Pl. 3f. תּוֹרָתָן תּוֹרוֹתֵיהֶן *

Pronominal suffixes דָּבָר דְּבָרִי דִּבְרֵיהֶן בַּ֫יִת בֵּיתְךָ Notes on feminine nouns w/ pronominal suffixes When feminine noun ends in ָה (e.g. תּוֹרָה ), the ה is replaced by ת E.g. תּוֹרָה becomes תּוֹרָת Plural nouns retain the plural ending –וֹת Vowel changes in nouns w/ suffixes – majority will have vowel changes Concentrate on the consonants and what does not change Memorize Type 1 and Type 2 endings and vocabulary Lexical form Suffix form Translation דָּבָר דְּבָרִי My word דִּבְרֵיהֶן Their words (pl.f) בַּ֫יִת בֵּיתְךָ Your house (sg.m) מָ֫וֶת מוֹתוֹ His death *

Pronominal suffixes אָחִי אַחַי אָחִ֫יךָ אַחֶ֫יךָ אָחִ֫יךְ אַחַ֫יִךְ Monosyllabic nouns w/ pronominal suffixes Type 1 – singular Type 2 – plural אָחִי My brother אַחַי My brothers אָחִ֫יךָ Your brother אַחֶ֫יךָ Your brothers אָחִ֫יךְ אַחַ֫יִךְ אָחִיו His brother אֶחָיו His brothers אָחִ֫יהָ Her brother אַחֶ֫יהָ Her brothers אָחִ֫ינוּ Our brother אַחֵ֫ינוּ Our brothers אֲחִיכֶם אֲחֵיכֶם אֲחִיכֶן אֲחֵיכֶן אֲחִיהֶם Their brother אֲחֵיהֶם Their brothers אֲחִיהֶן אֲחֵיהֶן Sg. 1c. Sg. 2m. Sg. 2f. Sg. 3m. Sg. 3f. Pl. 1c. Pl. 2m. Pl. 2f. Pl. 3m. Pl. 3f. *

Pronominal suffixes לִי עַלַי לְךָ עַלֶ֫יךָ לָךְ עָלַ֫יִךְ לוֹ עָלָיו Prepositions with pronominal suffixes – objective (to him; with me) Preposition לְ takes Type 1 suffixes Preposition עַל takes Type 2 suffixes לִי To me עַלַי On me לְךָ To you עַלֶ֫יךָ On you לָךְ עָלַ֫יִךְ לוֹ To him (it) עָלָיו On him (it) לָהּ To her (it) עַלֶ֫יהָ On her (it) לָ֫נוּ To us עָלֵ֫ינוּ On us לָכֶם עֲלֵיכֶם לָכֶן עֲלֵיכֶן לָהֶם To them עֲלֵיהֶם On them לָהֶן עֲלֵיהֶן Sg. 1c. Sg. 2m. Sg. 2f. Sg. 3m. Sg. 3f. Pl. 1c. Pl. 2m. Pl. 2f. Pl. 3m. Pl. 3f. *

Pronominal suffixes לְ עַל בְּ אֶל עִם תַּ֫חַת אֵת אַחֲרֵי Prepositions with Type 1 and Type 2 suffixes Recognize – no need to memorize Type 1 Type 2 לְ To, for עַל On, upon בְּ In, on אֶל עִם With תַּ֫חַת Under אֵת אַחֲרֵי After *

Pronominal suffixes כָּמ֫וֹנִי מִמֶּ֫נִּי כָּמ֫וֹךָ מִמְּךָ כָּמוֹךְ Prepositions with pronominal suffixes that have alternate spellings Preposition כְּ Preposition מִן כָּמ֫וֹנִי Like me מִמֶּ֫נִּי From me כָּמ֫וֹךָ Like you מִמְּךָ From you כָּמוֹךְ מִמֵּךְ כָּמוֹהוּ Like him (it) מִמֶּ֫נּוּ From him (it) כָּמ֫וֹהָ Like her (it) מִמֶּ֫נָּה From her (it) כָּמ֫וֹנוּ Like us From us כָּכֶם מִכֶּם כָּכֶן מִכֶּן כָּהֶם Like them מֵהֶם From them כָּהֶן מֵהֶן Sg. 1c. Sg. 2m. Sg. 2f. Sg. 3m. Sg. 3f. Pl. 1c. Pl. 2m. Pl. 2f. Pl. 3m. Pl. 3f. Alternate spelling* *More alternate spellings, see p. 87

Pronominal suffixes אֹתִי אִתִּי אֹתְךָ אִתְּךָ אֹתָךְ אִתָּךְ אֹתוֹ Preposition or direct object marker? Direct obj. marker אֵת/אֶת־ Type 1 Preposition אֵת/אֶת־ Type 2 אֹתִי Me אִתִּי With me אֹתְךָ You אִתְּךָ With you אֹתָךְ אִתָּךְ אֹתוֹ Him (it) אִתּוֹ With him (it) אֹתָהּ Her (it) אִתָּהּ With her (it) אֹתָ֫נוּ Us אִתָּ֫נוּ With us אֶתְכֶם אִתְּכֶם אֶתכֶן אִתְּכֶן אֹתָם Them אִתָּם With them אֹתָן them אִתָּן Sg. 1c. Sg. 2m. Sg. 2f. Sg. 3m. Sg. 3f. Pl. 1c. Pl. 2m. Pl. 2f. Pl. 3m. Pl. 3f. *

Pronominal suffixes עִמִּי עַמִּי עִמְּךָ עַמְּךָ עִמָּךְ עַמֵּךְ Preposition or noun – “with me” or “my people” Preposition עִם Noun עַם(people) עִמִּי With me עַמִּי My people עִמְּךָ With you עַמְּךָ Your people עִמָּךְ עַמֵּךְ עִמּוֹ With him (it) עַמּוֹ His people עִמָּהּ With her (it) עַמָּהּ Her people עִמָּ֫נוּ With us עַמֵּ֫נוּ Our people עִמָּכֶם עַמְּכֶם עִמָּכֶן עַמְּכֶן עִמָּם With them עַמָּם Their people עִמָּן עַמָּן Sg. 1c. Sg. 2m. Sg. 2f. Sg. 3m. Sg. 3f. Pl. 1c. Pl. 2m. Pl. 2f. Pl. 3m. Pl. 3f. *

Pronominal suffixes וְקָרָאת שְׁמוֹ עִמָּנוּ אֵל …she will call His name Immanuel (Isa 7:14, NASB) καὶ καλέσουσιν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἐμμανουήλ (Matt. 1:23, NA28) …they shall call His name Immanuel (Matt 1:23, NASB) καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Εμμανουηλ (Isa. 7:14 BGT) …you shall call his name Immanuel (Isa 7:14, LXX) *

Pronominal suffixes Practice Homework Workbook pp. 39-40, no: 1-7 p. 43, no: 1-6; p. 45, no: 1-10 Homework Workbook p. 47, no:1-10 “Bible Translation” Practice letters and reading (out loud) – e.g. words on vocabulary & workbook Vocabulary quiz (Ch. 9) on words p. 91 (9.17) *Photo: https://www.flickr.com/photos/kjfnjy/5248545727/in/photostream/