HW: IP: Molecular Genetics Wednesday April 12, 2017 I can: understand technologies used in biotechnology interpret a DNA fingerprint Agenda (15) Catalyst (15) GN: Human Molecular Genetics (15) IP: Molecular Genetics (30) Gene Therapy: Values and Beliefs + Discussion (10) Party Planning (?) Catalyst Complete the Catalyst sheet. That’s all  HW: IP: Molecular Genetics

Turned in STEM Survey DUE WEDNESDAY the 12TH Turned in STEM Survey DUE WEDNESDAY the 12TH! (100% = party Thursday, 13th!)

Exit Ticket Review Which is an example of cell differentiation? All mammal cells are identical All cells have cilia at the adult stage The DNA is different in all somatic cells Fat cells have a different job than nerve cells

Exit Ticket Review In cells of the same organism, the DNA contained within is the (same/different) If the above is true, how do cells become specialized and differentiated? SAME Different cell types have different parts of their DNA expressed – not all genes are turned on at one time

Humans have about 25,000 genes Genes are located on chromosomes Vocabulary gene – a sequence of DNA that codes for a protein Humans have about 25,000 genes Genes are located on chromosomes protein

Each chromosome contains thousands of genes.

The human genome is the entire collection of the 6 billion base pairs in each and EVERY cell. What if we were able to search all 6 billion A’s, T’s, C’s, and G’s in the human genome to identify disease-causing alleles?

In 2001, the Human Genome Project (HGP) successfully sequenced the entire “normal” human genome. By having this point of reference, scientists are able to identify defective genes that cause diseases. In theory, once defective genes are identified, diseases can be cured. The HGP led to several developments that have benefited humans. If you have a defective gene, how does that affect the protein you produce?

Genome Sequencing

Many diseases are caused by defective proteins Many diseases are caused by defective proteins. In gene therapy, an absent or faulty gene is replaced by a normal, working gene. The new functioning gene will now produce normal proteins.

Step 1: A virus is modified so it cannot cause disease. Step 2: A DNA fragment containing the replacement gene is spliced to viral DNA. replacement gene viral DNA virus

Step 4: The patient starts producing the correct protein. Step 3: The patient is “infected” with the virus, which injects the genes into the patient’s cells. Step 4: The patient starts producing the correct protein. The virus is called a vector because it transmits the DNA to the cells.

For all the promise it holds, in most cases gene therapy remains a high-risk, experimental procedure. Risks: new gene may be inserted into wrong location in the DNA immune system reaction wrong type of cell infected replacement protein is over-expressed

DNA fingerprinting analyzes regions of DNA that are highly variable and unique to identify individuals. Just like a normal fingerprint, no two DNA fingerprints are the same. Gel electrophoresis is the technology that is used to visualize DNA fingerprints by separating strands of DNA by size. Gel electrophoresis has many applications: identifying crime scene suspects paternity tests show the relatedness between species

Step 1: A small region of DNA is selected and cut with a restriction enzyme. Restriction enzymes are enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences.

Step 1: A small region of DNA is selected and cut with a restriction enzyme. Restriction enzymes are enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences.

Step 2: DNA is pipetted in the wells of a porous gel.

Where are the smaller fragments of DNA located on the gel? Step 3: An electric current is applied to the gel. DNA is negatively charged and moves towards the positive charge. The smaller strands of DNA move further and more quickly than the longer strands. Where are the smaller fragments of DNA located on the gel?

DNA fingerprinting in crime scene investigations

Because half of your DNA comes from your mother, and half comes from your father, your DNA fingerprint should only contain the bands in your mom and dad’s fingerprint.

Which child(ren) were fathered by the Alleged Father?

Response Links Read each of the statements in the links below. Respond in a new note, explaining whether or not you agree with the statement and WHY. If you have certain beliefs or values that led you to your choice, explain those. 3 sentences per question minimum. Include your name in the note. Question 1: goo.gl/CAYoQD Question 2: goo.gl/GrF7kk Question 3: goo.gl/WmbZHc Question 4: goo.gl/RzOC7B Question 5: goo.gl/R9eYaS