http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/colonial-church-emerges-from-falling-mexican-reservoir/ar-AAfyx7Q?ocid=ansmsnnews11

What are the future possibilities when two cultures meet and interact? Warm-up 10/20/2015 What are the future possibilities when two cultures meet and interact?

The Mexican-American War April 25, 1846 -February 2, 1848 Location: Texas, New Mexico, California; Mexico

In Mexico, terminology for the war includes Primera intervención estadounidense en México (United States' First Intervention in Mexico), Invasión estadounidense a México ("United States' Invasion of Mexico"), Guerra de la Invasión estadounidense, and Guerra del 47 ("The War of 1847").

Manifest Destiny “[Mexicans] must amalgamate and be lost, in the superior vigor of the Anglo-Saxon race, or they must perish.” John L. O’Sullivan, Editor, Democratic Review

What Caused the Mexican War? 1) Americans are determined to move westward from “sea to shinning sea” 2) Texas is annexed by the United States in 1845 and becomes the 28th state in the union 3) Mexico argues that the boundary is still the Nueces River not the Rio Grande

The Election of James Polk 1844 4) James Polk the (leader of the Democratic Party) runs a campaign of expansion and pledges to expand the U.S. if elected.

Polk before Congress President James Polk Speech before Congress 1846 “Mexico has passed the boundary of the United States, has invaded our territory and shed American blood upon American soil…War exists by the act of Mexico herself” President James Polk Speech before Congress 1846

Civil Disobedience 5) In 1847 Illinois congressman Abraham Lincoln (Whigs) questions Polk’s account of the border incident. He accuses Polk of misleading Congress and starting a war for territory Writer Henry David Thoreau is arrested for failing to pay taxes that he believes support the war. He writes an essay “Civil Disobedience”

A soldier’s view of the war “The shells thrown from our battery were constant and regular discharges, so beautiful in their flight and so destructive in their fall. It was awful! My heart bled for the inhabitants. The soldiers I did not care so much for, but it was terrible to think of the women and children.” Captain Robert E. Lee Corps of Engineers

California Republic 6) The California Republic was a short-lived, unrecognized state that, for a few weeks in June 1846. 7) A number of American immigrants in Alta California rebelled against the Mexican government, because they weren't allowed to have buy/rent land. 8) The rebellion was soon overtaken by the beginning of the Mexican–American War.

The Cost of War 9) 31,000 soldiers die total from both sides 10) The Mexican War will serve as a training ground for Civil War generals

Many of the military leaders on both sides of the American Civil War had fought as junior officers in Mexico. This list includes Ulysses S. Grant, George B. McClellan, Ambrose Burnside, Stonewall Jackson, James Longstreet, Joseph E. Johnston, William T. Sherman, William Rosecrans, Braxton Bragg, Sterling Price, George Meade, Robert E. Lee, and the future Confederate President Jefferson Davis.

General Zachary Taylor, later becomes the 12th President of the U.S.

Ulysses S. Grant, is a 24 year old officer. Later is the Union General during the Civil War. Then becomes the 18th President of the U.S.

Robert E. Lee is also a young officer during the War with Mexico, with Ulysses S. Grant. During the Civil War he becomes the General of the Confederate Army.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 11) United States pays Mexico $15 million dollars an additional $3 million will paid to Mexican citizens. 12) Texas, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah and Colorado are ceded to the U.S. Ceded, is the act of legally giving up territory to another nation 13) An estimated 100,000 Mexicans in the region overnight are to become Americans.

The Mexican Cession

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo “In the said territories, property of every kind, now belonging to Mexicans not established there, shall be inviolably respected. The present owners, the heirs of these, and all Mexicans who may hereafter acquire said property by contract shall enjoy with respect to it guarantees equally ample as if the same belonged to citizens of the United States.” Article VIII, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Second Class Citizens 14) The Spanish language and Mexican culture will not be accepted and this leads to Mexican Americans not being accepted

Isolation 15) Mexican-Americans isolate themselves from Anglo communities. 16) They are loyal to the region they are from as opposed to being proud Americans. (Sectionalism)

Assimilation 17) Elites and middle class intermarry with Anglos to protect their interest. Anglos gain land holdings and Mexicans keep their land through marriage

The link between Mexicans, Irish, and Slavery Many communities also existed in Mexican Texas until the revolution there. When the Irish sided with Catholic Mexico against Protestant pro-US elements. The Batallón de San Patricio, a battalion of US troops who deserted and fought alongside the Mexican Army against the United States in the Mexican-American War of 1846 to 1848, is also famous in Mexican history. Most were killed in the Battle of Churubusco; about 100 were captured by the U.S. and roughly ½ were hanged as deserters.

Wexfordman William Lamport, better known to most Mexicans as Guillen de Lampart is said to be the inspiration for the character Zorro. Álvaro Obregón (possibly O'Brian) was president of Mexico during 1920–24

"America the Beautiful" written by Katharine Lee Bates. Bates originally wrote the words as a poem (1893) 1913 version https://vimeo.com/18429639

O beautiful for spacious skies, For amber waves of grain, For purple mountain majesties Above the fruited plain! America! America! God shed his grace on thee And crown thy good with brotherhood From sea to shining sea!

O beautiful for pilgrim feet Whose stern impassioned stress A thoroughfare of freedom beat Across the wilderness! America! America! God mend thine every flaw, Confirm thy soul in self-control, Thy liberty in law!

O beautiful for heroes proved In liberating strife. Who more than self their country loved And mercy more than life! America! America! May God thy gold refine Till all success be nobleness And every gain divine!

O beautiful for patriot dream That sees beyond the years Thine alabaster cities gleam Undimmed by human tears! America! America! God shed his grace on thee And crown thy good with brotherhood From sea to shining sea!

This Land Is Your Land By The New Kingston Trio© SAINTE MARIE, BUFFY / BATES, KATHERINE LEE / WARD, SAMUEL A. For non-commercial use only. © Universal Music Publishing Group, T.R.O. INC. "This Land Is Your Land" is one of the United States' most famous folk songs. Its lyrics were written by American folk singer Woody Guthrie in 1940 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dFdqAdTTM30