Pre-load Heart disease After-load C.O. Tissue perfusion Pathology of Heart Failure Pre-load Heart disease After-load + + C.O. - Renal blood flow Venous pressure Tissue perfusion + Renin release - Angiotensin II Aldosterone Na+ & H2O retension Edema
ANGINA PECTORIS ‘Angina pectoris’ is a Latin phrase that means "strangling in the chest." Unlike a heart attack, the heart muscle is not damaged forever, and the pain usually goes away with rest. DEFINITION Heart disease characterized by chest pain that occurs as a result of inadequate oxygen and blood supply to the myocardium. Angina is characterized by a sudden, severe pressing substernal pain radiating to the left arm.
TYPES 1. Stable Angina 2. Unstable Angina 3. Myocardial Infarction Predictable pattern of exertional pressure sensation in the anterior chest relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. History: Chest pain described as tightness, pressure or aching that is typically located in the substernal area, radiating down one or both arms for 5 minutes or less, precipitated by exercise or emotional stress and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin.