Natural Vegetation & Wildlife

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Presentation transcript:

Natural Vegetation & Wildlife in Karnataka

Natural Vegetation in Karnataka Natural vegetation is plants that have not been grown by humans. It doesn’t need help from humans and gets whatever it needs from its natural environment. Varied factors like relief, climate & soils have affected the growth of a great variety of plants, trees & grasses in the state. Karnataka has a rich variety of plant species. According to report ‘ State of Forests’ of the Department of Forests and Environment of India, the total area of forests in the state is 36,190 sq km.

Types of Vegetation There are four major types of vegetation in Karnataka Evergreen Forests Deciduous Forests Mixed Forests Grasslands & Shrubs

Evergreen Forests The tropical rainforests are confined to areas of heavy rainfall & high temperature. Areas which receive more 250 cm of rainfall and have a short dry season are the best area for the rainforest. The forest has a multilayered structure. Flora – Mahogany, Rosewood, Kino, Teak, Hebbalasu etc. Spices – Cinnamon, cardamom, Cloves etc. Districts – Uttara Kannada, Dakshina kannada, Shimoga, Hassan, Chikmagalur, Chamarajanagar & Kodagu.

Evergreen Forests (Western Ghats)

Teak Mahogany Rosewood Hebbalasu

Deciduous Forests The trees of these forests shed their leaves during dry-winter and dry-summer. These are found in areas having 60cm to 120 cm of annual rainfall. These forests can be divided into two types on the basis of availability of water. Tropical moist deciduous forests Tropical dry deciduous forests Flora – Teak, mahogany, Neem, Mango, Jackfruit, Banyan, Bamboo etc. Districts – Chikmagalur, Chamarajanagar, Mysore Mandya, Ramnagar .

DeciduousForests

Teak Sandalwood Peepal Bamboo

Mixed Forests The growing of Evergreen & Deciduous trees together form the mixed forests. Annual rainfall is around 120 cm to 150 cm. Flora – Mahogany, Teak, Kino, Sandal, Jackfruit & Bamboo etc. Districts – Udupi, Uttara Kannada, Dakshina Kannada, Chikmagalur, Kodagu, Hassan & Mysore.

Grasslands & Shrubs Areas receiving less than 60 cms of rainfall annually have this kind of vegetation. Due to scanty rain & dry weather there is short grass, thorny shrub vegetation. Flora – Cactus, Acacia, Babul, Palm trees etc. Districts – Bidar, Gulbarga, Yadgir, Raichur, Koppal, Bijapur, Bellary, Chitradurga.

Cacti Babool Acacia Palm

Mangrove Forests Large and extensive types of trees up to medium height and shrubs that grow in saline coastal sediment habitats in the tropics and subtropics. Roots of the mangrove plants are submerged under water. Hollow roots grow out vertically above water so that roots can breathe.

Mangrove Forests : World Distribution

Mangrove Forest

Wildlife in Karnataka

Bannerghatta National Park

Bandipura National Park

Ranganathittu Bird Sanctury

Ranebennur Blackbuck Sanctury

Nagarhole Tiger Reserve

Anshi-Dandeli Tiger Reserve

National Park vs Wildlife Sanctury It is meant for protection of both flora and fauna. Cultivation of land is not permitted. Grazing is not allowed. Forest products are not harvested. Boundary is well demarcated. Wildlife Sanctury It is meant for protection of only fauna. Cultivation of land is permitted to some extent Grazing is allowed. Forest products are harvested. Boundary is not well demarcated.