MATTER Substance Mixtures Elements Compounds Heterogeneous Homogeneous

SUBSTANCE MIXTURE 1. During boiling, the temperature of a substance changes at the start then it becomes the same. During boiling, the temperature is varying at different times. 2. During melting, it melts completely or smoothly within a short time. 2. During melting, it has portions that seem to be not melting. 3. Can be broken down into elements and compounds. 3. Can be separated into their original components. 4. Made up of one type of atom or molecule only. 4. Combination of two or more components. 5. Can only be separated using chemical reaction. 5. Can be separated by physical means. (decantation, filtration, distillation)

CHARACTERISTICS OF MIXTURES May be solid, liquid, or gas. May be homogeneous or heterogeneous. Made up of two or more components. Components may be separated or recovered by physical means such as filtration and distillation. Amount of components may vary.

ELEMENTS – a substance composed of a single kind of atom ELEMENTS – a substance composed of a single kind of atom. It is the simplest form of matter. It cannot be broken down into another substance by chemical or physical means. Each elements have distinct characteristics and properties, and behaves differently. COMPOUNDS – made of two or more components or elements. When elements combine to form a compound, a different substance is formed.

PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

PARTS OF THE PERIODIC TABLE ATOMIC NUMBER – number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. It is also the number of electrons found in the nucleus of an atom. ATOMIC WEIGHT – number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. SYMBOL – abbreviation of the element’s name.

# of Protons = Atomic number # of Electrons = Atomic number # of Neutrons = Atomic Weight minus Atomic Number

HOW TO NAME ELEMENTS?

Name and Symbol of Elements Most of the one-letter symbols are the first letters of these elements. Examples: Hydrogen – H Oxygen – O Fluorine – F Nitrogen – N

Name and Symbol of Elements For the two-letter symbols, most of them start with the first letter of the element. Notice that the second letter in the symbol may be any letter found in the element’s name. Notice as well that only the first letter is capitalized for the two-letter symbols. Examples: Argon – Ar Chlorine – Cl Titanium – Ti Hassium - Hs

Name and Symbol of Elements There are symbols that use letters that were taken from the ancient name of the element. Examples: Ferrum – Iron (Fe) Argentum – Silver (Ag) Hygrarium – Mercury (Hg) Plumbum – Lead (Pb)

In each box, you will find a number on top of each symbol In each box, you will find a number on top of each symbol. This is the atomic number.

Elements that are in the same column have similar properties Elements that are in the same column have similar properties. For this, each column is called a family and has a family name. Notice that the columns are numbered 1 to 18 from left to right.

GROUP/FAMILY – vertical columns (top to bottom) Group Numbers

Group Name

3 1 2

NEW ELEMENT’S NAME

ELEMENTS ON MATTER Some elements can be found on different products such as food. MINERALS – resulting compounds when elements are combined in food. NUTRITION FACTS – tells what nutrient is provided. INGREDIENTS – tells what the product is made of. FOOD GRADE – elements that can be added to food NON-FOOD GRADE – elements that should not be added to food.

Product Label : Dutchmill Delight

Nutrition Facts Calcium (Ca), an element that can be found in food.

Ingredients Ingredient that is a source of Calcium.

Product Label : Vitasoy

Nutrition Facts Calcium (Ca), an element that can be found in food.

Dipotassium Orthophosphate, a compound that can be a source of the elements Potassium (K) and Phosphorus (P). Ingredients Ingredient or compund that is a source of Sodium.

Some elements cannot be found in the Nutrition Facts of food labels but the compounds that becomes the combination of certain elements are found in the Ingredients.