The Sun-Earth-Moon System Comparing planet size video link

The moon is thought to be created from a chunk of earth that flew off after a large collision billions of years ago when the earth was still hot! Due to a lack of an atmosphere and running water on the moon, we see large amounts of impact craters on surface The Earth and Moon

The Moon’s Surface Kepler Crater Copernicus Mare Tranquillitatus (Sea of Tranquility) Mare Imbrium (Sea of Rains) Kepler Crater Copernicus The moons surface video tour Makes no sense without caption in book

Formation of a Crater Makes no sense without caption in book

Part II: Orbital Motions of the Moon The moon revolves around earth in elliptical orbit= 27 ½ days (Sidereal Month) The moon’s rotation is 27 1/3 days SO this means, for every revolution there is one rotation SO we always see the same side of the moon from earth!

The Moon’s Orbit Apogee: When Moon is furthest from Earth Perigee: When moon is closest to earth

Moon Phases Phases video clip 1.) Why we have phases: 2.) Phases are Cyclic The period of one full moon to the next is 29 ½ days (The Synodic month) Waxing= when moon is getting brighter (larger moon) Wanning= when moon is decreasing visibility (smaller moon) Half of moon is always receiving light from the sun (We see what is reflected off surface) Since moon revolves around earth, people observe varying amounts of lighted half during orbit Phases are 29.5 not 27.5 because as the earth is rotating around the sun, its position relative to the sun changes, therefore the new moon occurs at a different point in orbit each month, and the cycle takes an extra 2 days to get to that position (see page. 764 in text book)

Gibbous= 75% full quarter “half moon”=(50%) Crescent= 25% full New= 0% full Full=100%

Some tricks to remember Waxing/Waning “Light on Right, moon grows bright” Wax-On! Waning Light on Left Wan-off!

click here for the lunar phase simulator animation! Click here to watch an animation on why we always see the same side of the moon!

Because the Moon’s orbit tilted 5˚, it’s rare we experience solar and lunar eclipses! Click here to see the inclined orbit of the moon! Eclipse occurs: when the moon or earth comes into the shadow of one another. Lunar Eclipse: When the moon revolves into the shadow of the Earth at full moon phase (2/yr) Solar Eclipse: In the new moon phase, when the moon blocks out the sun, casting its shadow on the earth (once every 200 years (same location)

Lunar Eclipse Must pass fully into earth’s Umbra( shadow) for total eclipse b/c the moon is tilted 5

Solar Eclipse solar eclipse clip partial solar eclipses can be observed in Penumbra area (lighter part of moons shadow) Click here to see a solar eclipse animation!

Practice: Page 80, Read “The Blue Moon” 38.)_______________________________________ 39.) ____________ 40.) (Draw)

HW REVIEW/Review Book Work Page 74 41.) 42.) 43.) 44.) 45.) 46.) 52.) 53.) 54.) 55.) 56.) 57.) Page 77 8.) 9.) 10.) 11.)

Only some portions on earth will pass in the moons shadow

In class Practice: 1.) During which lunar phase can a solar eclipse be viewed by earth? ____________________ 2.) During which lunar phase can a lunar eclipse be viewed by earth? ___________________ 3.) Approximately how many days occurs between the moons first quarter and last quarter phase? A. 7 B. 15 C. 29.5 D. 27.5 1.) new moon 2.) full moon 3.) 15 (half a cycle)

Checkpoint Question   4.) What would the moon phase look like to an observer on earth at position 2? d a b c d

Which location would an observer view the moon phase located in diagram 2?

Part III: The Tides

What is a tide? Alternating rising and falling of water due to the position of the moon, earth and sun. -The moons gravity pulls on Earth -Creates bulges of ocean water on near and far sides of Earth -Because the Moon “appears” to revolve around the earth each day, the tides there are high and low tides 12 hours apart. (It’s due to earth’s rotation) Fact: The moon has a greater gravitational pull (2x) effect on the Earth than the sun –why? NASA Animation *Moon does not actually roate around earth, but appears to rotate bc earth is spinning

Tidal Variations depend upon the position of the moon and sun When the Sun + Moon are both aligned, the tides are highest  SPRING TIDES (2x per month) When moon is at a right angle to the Sun-Earth, some of moons gravitational pull is counteracted by Sun’s Neap Tides (2x per month)

Moon Phases and Tidal Effects Neap Tides: occur during quarter moon phases (when moon is at right angle to earth-sun) (low tidal range) Spring Tides: occur during new and full moons (very high tidal ranges) b/c the moon is constantly changing position, the time of high and low tide changes each day click here to see a full animated explanation of the tides

What times on 11/3 was high tide?

Approximately what time will the next high and low tide occur? Approximately 1-2 a.m. , low: 7-8 a.m. (from high tide to the next high tide is considered one period)

Other facts about tides In the Bay of Fundy the tides have a range of about 44 ½ feet! The tidal effect is amplified anywhere in a bay or estuary (more water forced in/more water drained out)

Regents Practice on Tides and solar/lunar eclipses Pg 75 46.) 47.) 49.) 50.) 51.) Pg. 78 Part B 19.) 20.) _________ 21.) 22.) because the_____________________________ 23.)

Class activity links Lunar Calendar Today's Moon Phase Moon Phase (without names)