-Identify timeline and major players Global History Chapter 22 (Page 547-550) Topic: Enlightenment Aim Question: How did the Enlightenment change society and who was involved? Objective: -Identify timeline and major players -Analyze different contributions from various philosophers -Examine the State of Human Nature Agenda: -Attendance -Announcements; homework due, first vocab. Quiz next time I see you, check in books NOW -Review last lesson -Introduction to Enlightenment -Lecture and Notes on Philosophers

Review: What is the Enlightenment Period? Who can tell me the three of the major philosophers we discussed last week? What are the 5 principals these philosophers base their ideas on?

22 Enlightenment and Revolution, 1550–1789 Time Line HOME 1550 1789 CHAPTER Enlightenment and Revolution, 1550–1789 Time Line 1628 William Harvey describes heart function. 1762 Catherine the Great rules Russia. 1543 Copernicus publishes heliocentric theory. 1690 John Locke defines natural rights. 1550 1789 1609 Galileo observes heavens through telescope. 1687 Newton publishes law of gravity. 1748 Montesquieu describes separation of powers.

The Enlightenment in Europe Overview HOME 2 The Enlightenment in Europe TERMS & NAMES Overview • Enlightenment • social contract • John Locke • natural rights • philosophe • Voltaire • Montesquieu • separation of powers • Jean Jacques Rousseau • Mary Wollstonecraft MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW A revolution in intellectual activity changed Europeans’ view of government and society. Freedoms and some forms of government in many countries today are a result of Enlightenment thinking. Assessment

Philosophers and the “State of Man in Nature” Man in the State of Nature: Human’s way of thinking, feeling and acting without any influence Are we Naturally good or evil? How do we control good or bad behavior?

Philosophy of Human Nature…Questions Philosophers think about What is nature? Is natural inherently better than unnatural? If so, why? Is nature good or bad? Both or neither? What is the relationship between people and nature? Are people a part of nature or apart from nature?

What is Nature? What “philosophy of nature” is depends on what “nature” is. Nature (definition): The material world – i.e. the universe and everything in it The world as it exists without human interference (or interference of other conscious beings) – “natural” as the opposite of “artificial”

Are humans… Naturally Bad: - Desire for self promotion - Win at all cost motivation—severe competition - Death is inevitable; so no big deal - Solitary; survival best done alone - Constant state of war—Me against world

Or are Humans… Naturally good: - Learn from experience and grow from them—improvement - Reasonable—can use evidence & observation for betterment - Natural ability to care for society— general welfare - Nobody is pre-set; life is one learning experience

State of Nature: Thomas Hobbes The "natural condition of mankind" is what would exist if there were no government, no civilization, no laws, and no common power to restrain human nature. The state of nature is a "war of all against all," in which human beings constantly seek to destroy each other in an incessant pursuit for power. Life in the state of nature is "nasty, brutish and short."

State of Nature: John Locke people first lived in a state of anarchy Using reason human began to use each other for progress and stability in order to maintain stability they made a social contracts in which they KEPT natural rights which each human had and protected: 1. Life 2. Liberty 3. Property