Stuart Macintyre Participation in the classroom, productivity in the workforce—unfulfilled expectations ACER Research Conference: Touching the Future: Building Skills for Life and Work, Brisbane, 11 August 2008
Expectation 1 Education as an instrument of economic growth Investment in ‘human capital’
Expenditure on education as percentage of GDP 1950-51 1.62% 1960-61 3.16% 1970-71 4.62%
Expectation 2 Education for life
Education as necessary knowledge Expectation 3 Education as necessary knowledge
The convergence of the three expectations
Social and disciplinary education: the example of civics
Conclusions