Fig. 1. (A) Development of the free calcium ions measured by the calcium ion selective electrode (black line) at pH = 9.25 in comparison with the dosed.

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Fig. 1. (A) Development of the free calcium ions measured by the calcium ion selective electrode (black line) at pH = 9.25 in comparison with the dosed amount of calcium ions (red line). (A) Development of the free calcium ions measured by the calcium ion selective electrode (black line) at pH = 9.25 in comparison with the dosed amount of calcium ions (red line). The solubility concentration of the precipitated phase defines the undersaturated and supersaturated stages of the prenucleation stage. Already in undersaturated solution, calcium ions are bound. (B) Averaged amount of bound calcium ions as calculated from the difference between the measured amount of free calcium ions and the dosed amount of calcium ions shown in (A) for five pH levels. The arithmetic average of a sample of three measurements is calculated in the prenucleation stage and the postnucleation stage. Averaging during nucleation is not appropriate, and the particular developments are indicated by fine lines. Error bars depict ±1 SD of a sample of three measurements; the center of the error bars gives the arithmetic average of the particular data points (see also fig. S2). Denis Gebauer et al. Science 2008;322:1819-1822 Published by AAAS