Israeli/Palestinian Conflict- Timeline

135 A.D. Roman Emperor Hadrian expels the Jews out of Jerusalem and renamed the area Palaestina after the Philistines. Rome Most Jews fled Israel and settled in areas in Eastern Europe. By this time Christianity had begun and was spreading in the Middle East and into Europe. Israel becomes Known as Palestine. Roman Empire

Jewish Diaspora The forced scattering of Jewish people from their homeland by foreign invaders

Russia Europe “Promised Land “Canaan” “Palestine” “Israel”

600 A.D. The prophet Muhammad establishes the religion of Islam. Muslim armies move down from Arabia and conquer most of the Middle East including Palestine. The area becomes mostly Arab and Muslim.

1930’s Persecution by Nazi Germany drives many Jews to move to Palestine. This Zionist movement called for Jews to return to their homeland. Palestinians resist the return of Jews to the region.

ZIONISM An international movement for the creation of a Jewish community in Palestine later supported the creation of the modern state of Israel

Why Zionism? ZION = “the Promised Land” Torah says God promised the land of Israel to the descendants of the Jewish patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob Israel supposed to be a SAFE place for Jews

Anti-Semitism Hatred, mistreatment, or discrimination against Jewish people

POGROMS During the 1800s, Jews faced organized Massacres particularly in Russia & Eastern Europe

POGROMS

Holocaust The worst case of anti-Semitism Was carried out by Hitler’s Nazi party in the 1930-40s Nazis adopted a policy of genocide, the purposeful and organized extermination of a group of people based on their race, religion, or culture.

Holocaust Gangs attacked & burned synagogues & Jewish businesses throughout Germany. Jewish hospitals, homes, schools, & cemeteries were also vandalized.

Holocaust Jews were arrested & placed prisons called concentration camps. slave labor, medical experiments, death

1947 Mainly due to guilt about the Holocaust, the United Nations created a plan to divide Palestine into two nations- one for the Jews, and one for the Arabs. This plan was rejected by Arab Palestinians.

1948 War for Independence On May 14, Israel is declared an independent country. Nearby Arab countries attack in response and war breaks out.

1949 Israel wins the war and holds territory beyond the former UN established borders. 750,000 Arab Palestinians are displaced and flee to the West Bank as refugees.

1964 Palestinian Arabs organize the PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization). The PLO uses guerrilla warfare to try to overthrow Israel.

1967 The Six-Day War (June 5-10) took place between Israel and the neighboring Arab states of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. At the war's end, Israel had gained control of the Sinai Peninsula, the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights. Israel then built settlements in Gaza and the West Bank.

1972 Munich Massacre (September) took place in Munich, Germany at the Summer Olympics. A Palestinian terrorist group, Black September, kidnapped and killed members of the Israeli Olympic team. A failed rescue attempt resulted in the deaths of five Black September members and the capture of three. The kidnappers were released as a part of the high- jacking of a German airplane.

1973 The Yom Kippur War started when Egypt and Syria led a surprise attack on the Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights on the holiday of Yom Kippur. This invasion caused the US to help Israel, and the Soviet Union sided with Egypt and Syria. Nuclear war almost ensued between these two super powers, so a ceasefire was signed. Israel gained more land and a vicious cycle of attacks began between the PLO and Israel.

1978 Camp David Accords took place at Camp David, USA. For 13 Days, Egypt President Anwar Sadat, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, and President Jimmy Carter negotiated a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel. The result was peace between Egypt and Israel, but nothing was settled with regards to Palestine. US President Jimmy Carter

Jerusalem Divided Jews, Christians, Muslims, and Armenians all share the holy city of Jerusalem. Muslims built the Dome of the Rock and Al Aqsa Mosque on the site where the ancient Jewish Temple had been.