the plains indians

Treaty of Ft. Laramie (1851) Indian peace for money from U. S Treaty of Ft. Laramie (1851) Indian peace for money from U.S. government Colorado Gold Rush (1859)

Bison: Key to Plains Indians

Plains Indians and Whites Introduced by whites that changed Plains Indians way of life A) Horses B) Guns Over time, Plains Indians would lose out to the whites because of A) disease: measles and smallpox B) technological superiority of whites C) population D) power

Solving the Plains Indian “issue” 1. destroy their way of life by killing the Bison 2. make peace treaties and force them on to reservations 3. Was there another option? Could nomadic, warrior groups be allowed to stay as independent entities on the Plains??

Colonel John Chivington One of the great atrocities in American History Sandy Creek, CO Massacre of 250 Indians unprovoked attack against the Cheyenne November 29, 1864

80 soldiers massacred December 21, 1866 Capt. William J. Fetterman 80 soldiers massacred December 21, 1866 Indian attack that tried to prevent white development of Montana gold fields

2nd Treaty of Ft. Laramie (1868) Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek (1867) Reservation Policy

Gold Found in the Black Hills of the Dakota Territory! 1874 Established as an Indian reservation in 1868 White prospectors moved into the area searching for gold

Gen. George Armstrong Custer The Battle of Little Big Horn 1876 Gen. George Armstrong Custer Chief Sitting Bull

Custer’s Last Stand

Nez Percé tribal retreat (1877) Chief Joseph I will fight no more forever! Nez Percé tribal retreat (1877)

Geronimo, Apache Chief: Hopeless Cause

Helen Hunt Jackson A Century of Dishonor (1881); description of the disgraceful way in which whites had treated the Indians

Dawes Severalty Act (1887): Assimilation Policy Carlisle Indian School, PA Tried to turn Indians into homestead farmers

Arapahoe “Ghost Dance”, 1890: they would be immune to soldiers’ bullets

Chief Big Foot’s Lifeless Body Wounded Knee, SD, 1890 “official” end of the Indian wars

Indian Reservations Today

Crazy Horse Monument: Black Hills, SD Lakota Chief

His vision of the finished memorial. Korczak Ziolkowski, Sculptor Crazy Horse Monument His vision of the finished memorial.

Mt. Rushmore: Black Hills, SD

the myth & legend of the west

20th century 1924: Indians receive full citizenship 1934: Indians receive limited-self government to reservations

Foxwoods Casino

The Traditional View of the West

William “Buffalo Bill” Cody’s Wild West Show

“Buffalo Bill” Cody & Sitting Bull

Legendary Female Western Characters Calamity Jane Annie Oakley

The Fall of the Cowboy Frederick Remington

what were the long-term effects of the westward experience?

The near extinction of the buffalo. Destruction of the Buffalo Herds The near extinction of the buffalo.

Yellowstone National Park First national park established in 1872.

National Parks

With President Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Movement John Muir With President Theodore Roosevelt