Jefferson and the Revolution of 1800 1800- 1804

Adams vs. Jefferson II Jefferson defeats Adams in the POTUS Election of 1800 Republicans win control of both Houses of Congress Will control the Executive & Legislative Branches Jefferson calls this the “Revolution of 1800”

The Republicans made a mistake Every Republican elector voted for Jefferson and V.P. candidate Aaron Burr The election ends in a tie The House of Reps votes to settle a tie The election will be decided by the old Federalist controlled House

Burr creates a problem Burr wants to be POTUS and refuses to step aside The House voted 35 times w/o a winner Threat of a civil war Hamilton convinced the Federalist Congressmen to elect Jefferson Resulted in the 12th Amendment

The Midnight Judges Adams appointed 19 Federalists as newly created Federal Judges Called the Midnight Judges Federalists will control the Judicial Branch Most important was Chief Justice John Marshall

Now the Supreme Court Matters Marshall creates the power of judicial review in the decision of Marbury v. Madison (1803) the Supreme Court can declare laws or gov. actions to be unconstitutional and thus null & void

Jefferson takes Over Jefferson’s inauguration creates the U.S. tradition of the peaceful transfer of power “We are all Republicans. We are all Federalists” James Madison as Secretary of State Albert Gallatin as Secretary of Treasury Gallatin had a balanced budget every year and paid off half the national debt

Giving Government the Ax Thomas Jefferson (1801-09) Acted to reduce the size & power of government Eliminated all taxes except for the tariff Killed the Whiskey Tax & Alien & Sedition Acts Greatly reduced spending Cut the army & navy in half

Democratic Simplicity Believed the President should act like a “common man” Wanted to establish “Democratic Simplicity”

The Barbary Pirates U.S. begins to have trouble with the Barbary Pirates State sponsored pirates in the Mediterranean Steal the cargo and hold the crews for ransom Most nations (including the U.S.) bribed them to leave their ships alone Jefferson refused Didn’t want to spend the money

War with The Barbary Pirates First Barbary War (1801-1805) 1801 Sultan of Tripoli declared war on the U.S. U.S. Navy and Marines sent to the Mediterranean Defeated the Pirates in several engagements Earned respect for the US

The marines on the Shores of Tripoli