Industrial Revolution Video Notes Mrs. Skeen

Life Before the Industrial Revolution 9 out of 10 people lived in rural areas (small farms) People did not leave their homes for work Work day based on the sun Worked in “cottage industry”

Everything made by human hands (manpowered) Poor lower class and rich upper class, no middle class World much quieter and slower without machines, no pollution

Revolution in the Textile Industry Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 18th century Machines first used in textile industry to make thread and cloth: spinning jenny, water frame, power loom, flying shuttle, etc.

Machines worked many times faster than human hands People replaced by machines (Luddites – machine smashers) Machines used hydraulic power (water power)

Factories and Cities Many people moved to the cities to find jobs in the new factories Cities grew rapidly as people moved from rural to urban areas Life began to be ruled by clocks Family life changed as people left home to go to work

Industrial Revolution comes to America Industrial Espionage – spying Samuel Slater memorized the machines in Britain Slater traveled to America & built machines from memory starting his own factories in the US North = factories / South = farming

Cotton Gin Created by Eli Whitney in America Cotton not used as much before this machine b/c so long to clean cotton gin = work of 50 people Increased the use of cotton which increased the use of slaves

Interchangeable Parts Created by Eli Whitney in America 10,000 rifles were ordered old way=parts made special by hand Made identical guns so parts from one gun fit any other gun Took work away from blacksmith

Factory Work BAD conditions: loud, dangerous, long work days Many workers unmarried women, child labor also used “mill girls” – lives controlled by boarding house and factory Helped immigrant families

Steam Power Steam engines used coal to run machines, increased use of coal Factories could be built anywhere, no longer needed hydraulic power Increased transportation and travel with steam boat and train Smoke stacks = pollution

Conclusion Industrial Revolution began the “Modern Age” Life very different: cities, phone, cars, music, movies, electric light Growth of the middle class Introduction of socialism (Karl Marx)