Physics 1 – Nov 3, 2016 P3 Challenge – Back in the 1800s, there were ice deliveries instead of refrigeration. A) How much force did a worker need to apply to pull a 45 kg block of ice up an incline of 30° at a constant speed? (Assume the worker’s pull is parallel to the incline and that the ramp is frictionless.) b) What is the normal force on the block of ice? Today’s Objective: Friction

Agenda, Assignment IB 2.2 Forces Agenda Assignment: Friction Types of friction Second law problems with friction Assignment: Friction Worksheet (For #1, μs = 0.27 and μd = 0.15)

Source of Friction Friction is present anytime you have two surfaces sliding relative to one another. Source of friction is the irregular surface features at a microscopic or atomic scale. If they are at rest, the surfaces can sink into one another and the horizontal forces of contact are large. Called Static Friction If you can get the surfaces sliding, they skim along the tops of each other and have a smaller force of contact. Called Dynamic Friction (IB) Called Kinetic Friction outside of IB λ

Applying a force gradually A small force will not cause a motion. Static force increases just enough to balance the applied force. As the applied force increases, the static force increases in equal measure until … …you reach the “breakaway” point (or instant of motion) with the maximum amount of static friction. Once the surfaces are moving, the amount of dynamic friction becomes a constant and is something less than the maximum static friction.

Measuring friction Friction is proportional to the normal reaction force between the surfaces. The proportionality constant is called the coefficient of friction, μ. Coefficients of friction are unitless scalars. Because there are two types of friction, there are two coefficients of friction. μs & μd

Measuring friction fs  μsR Static friction is variable, and only engages as much as needed to prevent motion. Fs,max = μsR Maximum static friction is proportional to the normal force fd = μdR Dynamic friction is a constant and is proportional to the normal force Coefficients of friction are usually less than one. The coeff. of dynamic friction is always less than coeff. of static friction: μd < μs

Calculating friction A rightward force is applied to a 13-kg object to move it across a rough surface at constant velocity. The coefficient of friction between the object and the surface is 0.20. What are the magnitudes of all forces present on the object?

Friction Problems A flatbed truck is carrying a heavy crate. The coefficient of static friction between the crate and the truckbed is 0.75. What is the maximum rate at which the driver can decelerate and still avoid having the crate slide against the cab? You decide to rearrange the furniture in your living room. For a short time you are pushing the couch horizontally with a force of 180 N and the couch moves with a constant velocity. If the couch has a mass of 55 kg, what is the coefficient of dynamic friction, μd, between the couch and the carpet?

Exit Slip - Assignment When is fs = μsR not true for static friction? What’s Due on Thurs Oct 27? (Pending assignments to complete.) Friction Worksheet (For #1, μs = 0.27 and μd = 0.15) What’s Next? (How to prepare for the next day) Read p57-75