The Life of a Cell

Cells have a lifecycle Cells have a beginning to their life https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgLJrvoX_qo Cells are alive and do specific jobs. Cells reproduce. Cells age. Cells die. Some cells commit suicide (apoptosis) https://cellbiology.med.unsw.edu.au/cellbiology/index.php/Cell_Death_2

Cell Cycle: A cell’s life cycle

1. Interphase a. G1 phase (The longest phase of the cell cycle) Cell grows larger Performing cell functions (doing its job)

b. S phase (S=synthesis) DNA Replication (copying DNA)

Why do we need identical copies? Each new cell needs the same DNA information as the original cell or it won’t function properly Replication MITOSIS

So what do chromosomes look like after replication? BEFORE AFTER Chromosome and its copy Single chromosomes

c. G2 phase Performing cell functions (doing its job)

What does a cell in interphase look like? Animal Cell Plant Cell

Steps of Mitosis Steps of Mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Prophase “P”- preparing You can’t see chromosomes here Just 2 nucleoli In prophase, DNA wraps into chromosomes (you now begin to see chromosomes- they will look like thick fingers) Now you can see dark fingers These are chromosomes

Nuclear membrane starts to disappear

Metaphase When you think Meta think Middle! Chromosomes line up in center of cell

Anaphase “A”- apart The chromosomes and their copies separate The chromosomes move to opposite sides of cells

Telophase Nucleus return Chromosomes unwrap

Cytokinesis Cytoplasm divides

Interphase and Mitosis in Plant Cells NAME THE PHASES

So here is the complete cell cycle

Mitosis in Animal Cells The following is an animation of a real animal cell undergoing mitosis Can you tell when the real cell hits the various stages or do they seem to blend into each other? Mitosis: An Interactive Animation