Effectiveness of Chiropractic Care to Improve Sensorimotor Function Associated With Falls Risk in Older People: A Randomized Controlled Trial Kelly R.

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Effectiveness of Chiropractic Care to Improve Sensorimotor Function Associated With Falls Risk in Older People: A Randomized Controlled Trial Kelly R. Holt, BSc (Chiro), PhD, Heidi Haavik, BSc (Chiro), PhD, Arier Chi Lun Lee, PhD, Bernadette Murphy, DC, PhD, C. Raina Elley, MBChB, PhD Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics Volume 39, Issue 4, Pages 267-278 (May 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.02.003 Copyright © 2016 National University of Health Sciences Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Participant flow through the trial. Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics 2016 39, 267-278DOI: (10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.02.003) Copyright © 2016 National University of Health Sciences Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Change from baseline in joint position sense error at 4- and 12-week assessments. Error bars represent 95% CIs. The overall group effect of chiropractic care on joint position sense was significant (P = .049). No significant between-group differences occurred at individual time point assessments. Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics 2016 39, 267-278DOI: (10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.02.003) Copyright © 2016 National University of Health Sciences Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Change from baseline in CSRT at 4 -and 12-week assessments. Error bars represent 95% CI. Change scores are measured in milliseconds. A negative change score represents an improvement in CSRT. A significant (P = .01) group by time interaction occurred, meaning that there was a difference in change scores between the 4- and 12-week assessments. *A significant (P = .01) between-group difference was also present at the 12-week assessment. Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics 2016 39, 267-278DOI: (10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.02.003) Copyright © 2016 National University of Health Sciences Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Percentage of participants that passed the CAPs posturographic assessment at each assessment. To pass the test, participants were required to remain standing on a perturbing foam cushion with their eyes closed for 20 seconds. No significant differences were observed between groups for the CAPs assessments. Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics 2016 39, 267-278DOI: (10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.02.003) Copyright © 2016 National University of Health Sciences Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Change from baseline in susceptibility to the sound-induced flash illusion at 4- and 12-week assessments. Error bars represent 95% CIs. Change scores represent the overall percentage improvement in illusory responses. The overall group effect of chiropractic care on the sound-induced flash illusion was significant (P = .02). *A significant between-group difference also occurred at the 12-week assessment (P = .01). Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics 2016 39, 267-278DOI: (10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.02.003) Copyright © 2016 National University of Health Sciences Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Change from baseline in health-related quality of life (SF-36) PCS scores at 4- and 12-week assessments. Error bars represent 95% CIs. Change scores represent the change in norm-based summary score from baseline to each assessment. The group by time interaction for the PCS score was significant (P = .04), with the chiropractic group improving compared with the control group. No significant between-group effects were present at individual time points. Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics 2016 39, 267-278DOI: (10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.02.003) Copyright © 2016 National University of Health Sciences Terms and Conditions

Fig 7 Change from baseline in health-related quality of life (SF-36) MCS scores at 4- and 12-week assessments. Error bars represent 95% CIs. Change scores represent the change in norm-based summary score from baseline to each assessment. No significant changes occurred in the MCS scores. Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics 2016 39, 267-278DOI: (10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.02.003) Copyright © 2016 National University of Health Sciences Terms and Conditions