BELLRINGER: 11/1 and 11/2 1. Pick up the papers on the desk by the door. 2. Sit in a desk near where your normal assigned seat is. These seats are just for today. 3. Update your ToC: Page 48: Absolutism in France Notes Page 49: Versailles Activity Packet 4. Write down your HW: Study for your vocab quiz on the Age of Absolutism terms next class Finish your Versailles packet for a HW grade – last grade of Quarter 1!

AGENDA: 11/1 and 11/2 1. Bellringer 2. Notes: Absolutism in France 3. Video Clip: Louis XIV 4. Activity: Build Your Own Versailles 5. Kahoot Vocab Review (time-permitting)

The Basics: Absolutism in France Absolute monarch: Louis XIV (“Sun King”) Other important people: Henry VI Cardinal Richelieu Jean-Baptiste Colbert House of: Bourbon

What is Absolutism? A political theory stating that all power should be vested in ONE ruler or other authority. How? Divine Right = God gives them power to rule KINGS BECAME STRONGER IN THE 1500s AS THE POWER OF THE CHURCH WEAKENED

What is going on in this picture? What is your initial reaction to this picture?

What is going on in this picture? What kinds of people do you think are involved? What is your initial reaction to this picture?

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

What is the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre? Massacre of Huguenots by Catholics in Paris, France Orchestrated by Catherine de Medici Why now? Henry of Navarre (Huguenot leader) is celebrating his marriage to the French king’s sister, Margaret Catholic marrying Huguenot Mass slaughters continue for 3 months As many as 70,000 Huguenots are killed throughout France Just the Facts: Catherine de Medici ordered the murder of Admiral Gaspard de Coligny, a Huguenot leader whom she felt was leading her son into war with Spain Coligny didn’t die, so 2 days later…. Aug. 24, 1572 Catherine convinced the king that the Huguenots were on the brink of rebellion, and he authorized the murder of their leaders by the Catholic authorities. Most of these Huguenots were in Paris, celebrating the marriage of their leader, Henry of Navarre, to the king's sister, Margaret. A list to be killed, headed by Coligny, who was brutally beaten and thrown out of his bedroom window Once the killing started, mobs of Catholic Parisians began a massacre of Huguenots. Charles issued a royal order on August 25 to halt the killing, but his pleas went unheeded as the massacres spread. Mass slaughters continued into October 3,000 French Protestants were killed in Paris, and as many as 70,000 in all of France. Henry III, future Henry IV of France Protestant King Charles IX Sister, Margaret Catholic

Who’s who in the French monarchy? Henry IV: First Bourbon ruler (1589) How does he bring religious peace to France? 1. Converted to Catholicism to bring peace to France 2. Issued the Edict of Nantes (in 1598) Fixed roads, bridges, etc. Put royals in power and not the nobles He was murdered in 1610

Who’s who in the French monarchy? Cardinal Richelieu Henry IV’s son (Louis XIII) was 9 years old when his father was murdered  Louis XIII becomes next king Louis’ mother ruled until 1617 (when Louis reached old enough age to rule) Who appointed him? Louis XIII chose Cardinal Richelieu to be his chief minister in 1624

Who’s who in the French monarchy? How does he deal with the nobles? Defeated their private armies Destroyed their castles Tied them to the king by giving them high posts in the court or army How does he deal with the Huguenots? Allowed them to practice BUT… Smashed their cities Outlawed their armies

Who’s who in the French monarchy? Louis XIV (“Sun King”) Took the throne at 5 years old Called “Sun King” b/c he thought the sun rose and set with him -- Claimed divine right How long does he rule? Reigns from 1643-1715 - for 72 years Rules first with the help of his cardinal, Mazarin (helped him rule as a young king), but takes total control of France after Mazarin dies

Louis XIV – The Sun King L’etat, c’est moi – “I am the state” Because the government is controlled by Louis XIV = he IS the state (the state – the gov’t/the country – does only what he says) Built the French army into the strongest in Europe Why? To take over more territory Compete with other European nations Kept close ties with the middle class – to prevent an uprising

Louis XIV’s Government Jean-Baptiste Colbert Who was he? Louis XIV’s financial advisor Great advisor and made France very wealthy, but…couldn’t stop Louis XIV from spending too much $$ Goals to help France’s economy: Increase French industry Placed high tariffs on foreign imports Encouraged colonization

What is Versailles? Built by Louis XIV Most famous French palace Symbol of Royal Power A few miles outside of Paris

Eventually, France declines… Louis XIV set up a state that was quick to fall apart Two major weaknesses in post-Louis XIV France: 1. Finances His wars put a financial strain on the treasury Louis XIV spent a lot of $$$ on lavish luxuries 2. Religious persecution Louis XIV takes back the Edict of Nantes How does this affect France? Means French people were Protestant (remember, Louis XIV is CATHOLIC) no longer have religious freedom to practice their chosen faith – must convert, be killed, or leave France