Paper 1: Source Questions How do people know that this cartoon is about Theresa May and Donald Trump? Shoes Bright orange skin What they are doing- after the meeting in Washington where they held hands. The cartoonist has exaggerated features- Trump is not that shade or orange for example- and used symbols (e.g. May’s shoes) so that people know what it is about. Paper 1: Source Questions Some work with some cartoons and other sources.

To be more confident working with cartoons/ sources on paper 1 Learning Objectives To be more confident working with cartoons/ sources on paper 1

Recall contextual knowledge Apply to sources Practise source skills Success Criteria Recall contextual knowledge Apply to sources Practise source skills Assess sample answers.

Tips for using cartoons There are certain common symbols that cartoonists use to make a point. Look out for them. Cartoonists exaggerate features also to make a point. Everything in a cartoon is deliberate- try to work out why the cartoonist has put it there. If you are unsure of what the cartoonist is getting at, try describing what you can see. If you don’t recognise an event mentioned or a word, but you know something that happened around the same date then try to link it to that event. Read the information you are given about the source- the exam board want you to read it and are often pointing you towards something.

What can you learn from this cartoon? We can learn from this cartoon that the British had quite negative attitudes towards the Germans- which might explain the public view on what should happen during the Paris Peace Conference, This is a cartoon from 1919. The British Empire Union was a group campaigning for people to buy British goods. The purpose is to persuade the British people to buy goods made in Britain rather than Germany based on WW2 events such as U-Boats sinking British ships.

What is the message of this cartoon, published in 1919? Questions to think about: take 5 minutes to look at these. Annotate your cartoon/ write them in your book. Which countries are the policemen from? Which country is missing- is that important? What is the issue in the cartoon? Is the cartoonist being critical or supportive of the issue in the cartoon? GIVING HIM ROPE German Criminal (to Allied Police). “Here, I say, stop! You’re hurting me! [aside] If I only whine enough I may be able to wriggle out of this yet.

Answers- mark your own The cartoon is about the Paris Peace Conference and the harsh treatment of Germany- which clearly the cartoonist supports. The cartoonist is being critical of the Germans for “whining about their punishment”, believing that they deserve the treatment they were getting for Versailles. You could also claim that it is supporting the Allies and suggesting that they are doing the right thing and not to weaken or let up on Germany. That is why it is significant that the policemen are British and French rather than American, as the US under Woodrow Wilson were trying to get a better deal for Germany during the Paris Peace Talks. The cartoonist may be referring to that by having left them out- so it needs to be Britain and France that stay tough.

Why was this cartoon published in 1919? Questions to think about: take 5 minutes to look at these. Annotate your cartoon/ write them in your book. Is this a positive or negative source? How do we know? Which biblical figure is Briand supposed to represent? What reaction does the cartoonist want from the people attending the banquet? Why do they want that reaction? Cartoon on a menu card for a banquet by the League of Nations. The man at the front is Briand. The caption (around the sun) reads “The United States of Europe”.

Putting those together should give you an answer like this... This cartoonist was published in 1919 as part of a menu card for a League of Nations banquet. It is trying to persuade the diners, who would all be member countries, that if they follow the lead of the influential figures such as Briand (who, with Kellogg created the pact that swore war would never be used in international diplomacy in 1928), and all cooperate, Europe will end up much better off (represented by the caption which means the United States of Europe. The cartoonist does this by representing Briand as Moses, leading the Israelites to the promised land, which is why they are all enthusiastically following him.

A Super Mean Cartoon. What is the message of this cartoon? The cartoon is based on the Alice in Wonderland characters Tweedledum and Tweedledee who are always arguing, until a monstrous black crow descends and frightens them. BALKANDUM AND BALKANDEE. “Just then came down a monstrous dove Whose force was purely moral, Which turned the heroes’ hearts to Love”

What is the context of this cartoon? Bulgaria is part of the KABAMs thing that we learned. A summary of the League’s successes is on this page: http://history-groby.weebly.com/inter-war-years.html

Back to the message of the cartoon What does the cartoonist think about Bulgaria and Greece? Or the League? Is the cartoonist being critical or supportive of the issue in the question? How does that link to the context of the Bulgarian Crisis? What in the source supports that? BALKANDUM AND BALKANDEE. “Just then came down a monstrous dove Whose force was purely moral, Which turned the heroes’ hearts to Love”

Answers The cartoonist is critical of Bulgaria and Greece- “childish” squabbling. Supportive of the League. Therefore, the cartoonist is being supportive of the League’s actions. The League had put pressure on the Greeks to withdraw the troops that it had used to invade Bulgaria. They had only used their powers of persuasion. Greece agreed to do this. Represented as children’s story characters League shown as dove- bird of peace

Your answer should be no. It is missing context. Is this a good response to the question ‘what is the cartoonist’s message? The cartoonist is celebrating the League’s actions by referring to the League’s moral force “turning the heroes’ hearts to love”. This means the cartoonist is supporting the League’s actions and thinks they were the right thing to do- that’s why he represented the League as the dove of peace. Your answer should be no. It is missing context.

The Locarno Treaty. What is the message of this cartoon? The Locarno Treaty in 1925 was Germany guaranteeing that they would not move their western borders. The text on the board says “The Girl Who Took the Right Turning”, with a signpost saying “to the League of Nations”. Featuring Fraulein Gretchen in her first appearance. A LEAGUE TRIUMPH With Mr Punch’s congratulations to the British Commissionaire

The Locarno Treaty. What is the message of this cartoon? Why do you think they’ve said “featuring Fraulein Gretchen in her first appearance?” Why is it a right turning? Who is the cartoon actually giving credit to? So- what is the message of the cartoon? A LEAGUE TRIUMPH With Mr Punch’s congratulations to the British Commissionaire

The Locarno Treaty. What is the message of this cartoon? Fraulein Gretchen- refers to the Germans. The Germans are finally doing the right thing and working with the League of Nations (even though it wasn’t their fault they didn’t before). The caption indicates that the cartoonist believes the British deserve the credit. The cartoonist is supportive of the Locarno treaties and the British roles in creating them. A LEAGUE TRIUMPH With Mr Punch’s congratulations to the British Commissionaire

Why was this source published in 1925? The lady represents Europe. The Dawes Plans and Locarno Treaty were agreements that helped Germany work with the League of Nations. Disarmament was countries removing/ minimising their armies. Therefore, Europe was moving from one stepping stone to another, towards (presumably) peace.

Why was this source published in 1925? What is going on in the source? What point is the cartoonist trying to make? What action/ reaction does the cartoonist want their audience to have? Why would they be trying to say that in 1925?

Why was this source published in 1925? The girl (Europe) is moving from stone to stone but has to make a big leap to disarmament. The cartoonist is trying to show this leap is very difficult, making Europe at risk of falling into the river. The cartoonist wants his audience to support disarmament as otherwise, will run into trouble. There have been some positive steps towards international peace (Dawes, Locarno) but without this one, the others are meaningless.

Why was this source published in 1938? 1938 was the Czech crisis, where Hitler took over the Sudetenland and Britain let it happen at the Munich Conference- without consulting Czechoslovakia. This cartoon reflects that.

Why was this source published in 1938? What is going on in the source? What point is the cartoonist trying to make? What action/ reaction does the cartoonist want their audience to have? Why would they be trying to say that in 1938?

Why was this source published in 1938? The Czechoslovakia rock is holding up all of this other rocks that are keeping the peace. That if Czechoslovakia falls, peace will fall and that Britain is oblivious to it. The cartoonist wants the audience to realise that and support action to stop Hitler- which Britain is not doing. By 1938, Hitler has left the League, rearmed Germany, taken back the Saar and the Rhineland, Anschluss with Austria and taken the Sudetenland. Britain has appeased all the way.