Agenda item 4.1 Review of decisions of Seventeenth Congress and the Executive Council related to the Commission and the requirements of WMO President, Members, the technical commissions, regional associations and the United Nations, including those related to the WMO Strategic Plan (2016-2019) and WMO Operating Plan, the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) and other priorities

Summary of information papers Recommendation 4.1/1

Summary of Information Papers CCl and GFCS (Climate Services) CAeM (Aeronautical Meteorology) CIMO (Instruments and methods of observation) JCOMM (Marine Meteorology) Disaster Risk Reduction Capacity Development Technical Regulations

Climate and GFCS - Inf 4.1(1) WIGOS Observation standards Observing practices Metadata Retention WIS Metadata – ease of use Access – ease of use Information lifecycle GDPFS GFCS Technical Reference Manual Roles and designation of climate centres Climate Services toolkit Long-range forecasting and multi-model ensembles WIGOS Develop and maintain standards on: Observing practices – to support reliable observations for climate purposes Metadata – to inform users of observations that may be used for climate purposes Retention – standards on retaining observations and their metadata to meet the needs of climate services. WIS WIS Discovery metadata Improve its relevance, to make it easier to find information that is of relevance to climate service applications Improve the user search experience, especially for non-specialist users Standardize on data access methods, making it easier to retrieve information from multiple sources using standard tools and applications Define standards for lifecycle management – so that the generic standards support the needs of climate services GFCS Contribute to the development of the GFCS Technical Reference Manual With CCL develop the definition of the roles of specialist climate centres and designate appropriate centres With CCl evelop the climate services toolkit, especially in respect to Long Range Forecasting and Multi-Model ensembles.

Aeronautical Meteorology – Inf 4.1(3) Information management SWIM – System-wide information management Compatibility with WIS Data in XML (IWXXM) Representing new information types Space weather Operational services Nowcasting Research on the relevance of nowcasting to aviation Decision time scales ICAO is moving to 2-year cycle Information management ICAO is introducing the SWIM (System-Wide Information Management) to support further integration of air traffic management. This is intended to allow information form all operational aviation areas to be used in combination. All OPMET data will have an XML equivalent (IWXXM) and the long term intention is to make TAC obsolete. New information types will need to be available in IWXXM, and there is pressure from ICAO to extend the Traditional Alphanumeric Codes. Experience with BUFR suggests that continuing to develop TAC would ac against their withdrawal. The vision is for end users to mix-and-match the information they request and receive, rather than being fed standard products. The concept is still being refined. Information from the World Area Forecast will increase in resolution during the next 5 to 10 years. Space Weather As services become operational CBS will be involved in the validation of functional capabilities of candidate centres Data representation for space weather products will be needed Nowcasting The WMO World Weather Research Programme is leading an Aviation Research and Development Project to develop, demonstrate and quantify the benefits of end-to-end (0-6h) nowcasting for aviation. This is expected to result in rapid transition to operational services. Rate of change ICAO is moving to a 2-year cycle for amending Annex 3 (the ICAO analogue to Volume II of WMO Tech Regs) CBS is moving to a 4 year cycle, but needs to approve changes that support ICAO changes CBS expert team TT-AvXML has recommended to the ICAO Met Panel that any amendments to IWXXM that require technical development to support their implementation should have an implementation date at least 18 months after the decision is made. Simple changes (equivalent to adding elements to a BUFR code list) could be implemented more rapidly, but ICAO has requested that the IWXXM XML standard implements checks for compliance with regulations within the data representation standard, making the majority of changes more complex that the equivalent for BUFR (that uses a “buyer beware” approach to the internal consistency of information carried within the message).

CIMO - Inf 4.1(0) Weather Radars Joint team to develop operational standards and networks Automatic Weather Stations Assist in planning conference Competencies Coordination of observing competencies between CBS and CIMO Barometers Regional standards Minamata convention CIMO Weather radars Joint team set up between CBS and CIMO to develop standards and practices for operating weather radars (IPET-OWR) Automatic Weather Stations CIMO running a conference – would like help of CBS on the organizing committee Regional standard barometers CIMO expects to change the classification of regional standard barometers This may require changes to the Manual on the Global Observing System Minamata convention The convention comes fully into force in 2020 No manufacture, import or export of instruments containing mercury. CIMO asks CBS to reiterate the importance of moving away from instruments containing mercury.

JCOMM – Inf 4.1(10) Observing systems Assessing benefits of new techniques to meet needs ofGCOS, GOOS and WWW Maintain requirements database Service delivery CBS contribute to work of the Marine Services Task Team JCOMM (Joint Commission on Marine Meteorology) Observing systems With the JCOMM Observation Coordination Group Examine impacts, costs and benefits of new and improved observation techniques or developments for delivering the requirements of the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and the World Weather Watch (WWW) CBS provide the observing requirements database to which JCOMM contributes information Management of marine information CBS WIS teams to work with JCOMM Task Team on integrating Marine Meteorological and Oceanographic services with in the WIS (TT-MOWIS) to make sure that the marine community delivers what is required in order for WIS And WIS delivers what is required to generate the expected benefits for the marine community. Service delivery JCOMM has set up a Marin Services Task Team to review the marine services portfolio at WMO to make sure the services Enhance the ability of NMHS to provide meteorological services in support of protecting lives and property at sea and on the coast and to ensure efficient and environmentally resonsible maritime operations Reaffirm the role of NMHS as the authoritative agency in Member countries for marine safety services

Disaster Risk Reduction Inf 4.1(1), Inf 2.7 Improve understanding Standardize hazard information Invest Observing, information, and human capability infrastructure Strengthen governance NMHS engage with risk managers Enhancing disaster preparedness Development of Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems “Build back better” Disaster Risk Reduction Sendai priority areas Improve understanding of disaster risk in all its dimensions of exposure, vulnerability and hazard characteristics; Strengthen disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk, including national, regional and global platforms for DRR as mechanisms for coherence across agendas, monitoring and periodic reviews as well as accountability for disaster risk management; Invest in disaster risk reduction for resilience including risk-informed donor policies and programmes, and financial support and loans from international funding institutions Enhance disaster preparedness for effective response and “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction, including improved resilience of health infrastructure, cultural heritage and workplaces. Priority area 1: Improve understanding Standardize hazard information Need to collect and analyze information from weather, water, climate, space weather and other environmental hazards in conjunction with that on impacts. Effective dissemination of reliable information in an appropriate format [for the community using the information] System of identifiers to catalogue hazardous events, and agreed terms for their description (Inter-Programme Task Team on Cataloguing Extreme Weather, Water and Climate Events (IPTT-CWWCE). Priority area 2: Strengthen governance NMHS engage with risk managers Clarify roles and responsibilities of stakeholders Recommend responsibilities included in national and local regulatory frameworks Nationally, regionally and globally Priority area 3: Invest Observing, information, and human capability infrastructure Investment is not only the introduction of new capability, but also maintaining, operating and making use of existing capability – and recovering capability that has been lost. Equipment needs to be maintained and replaced in order to continue to deliver a reliable service and to remain compatible with other components of the system People need to be trained (and retrained) to play their roles in the system, and monitored so that further assistance can be given to make sure that they are providing the contribution expected. Priority area 4: Preparedness Forecast hazards and issue warnings - development of Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems (MHEWS) Severe Weather Forecasting Demonstration Project is a good example of what can be done – and needs to be sustained in the areas in which it is working, and introduced to other areas and linked to other hazard types. Common Alerting Protocol provides a consistent distribution mechanism for warnings that can be handled my many non-weather information systems. Adopting it makes it easier for NMHS warnings to be identified by other communities. A higher level of maturity in the use of the Common Alerting Protocol would be to introduce additional standardized structure into how NMHS use the protocol to allow increased automatic interpretation of the contents in relation to weather, climate and water warnings.

Capacity Development – 4.1(5) EC-68 set priorities Assess capability Monitor compliance Provide information to increase visibility Identify where resource mobilization needed Assist regional WIGOS centres Competencies Develop guidance and courses Work with the WMO Global Campus Publicize learning opportunities Capacity Development WMO Capacity Development priorities Decision 7 (EC-68) assigned priorities to capacity development activities. CBS actions Inf 4.1(5) gives detailed actions. Recurring themes are: Competencies Develop guidance and courses Publicize learning opportunities Define required capabilities Provide experts to help in assessment and gap analyses Emphasize compliance with standards, including audits, and make it easier for NMHS to understand what is required for compliance [Note: also under “strengthen global, regional and sub-regional mechanisms] Increase visibility Provide information to help NMHS raise their national visibility and the understanding of national decision makers of the key role played by the NMHS Provide information on socio economic benefits Facilitate fellowships, particularly in areas related to developing services to meet national needs Optimize knowledge management Encourage Members to keep CPSB up to date, and help them now what to put in. Publish examples of good practice Identify where resource mobilization is needed Strengthen global, regional and sub-regional mechanisms Regional WIGOS centres Work with Regional Training Centres and WMO Global Campus Run targeted workshops Facilitate use of the WIS metadata catalogue to support the WMO Global Campus Publicize learning activities

Technical Regulations – Inf 4.1(6) Extension of fast track Cg-17 approved extending fast track procedure to agreed sections “technical specifications” Technical Regulation Framework All commissions review their regulations Clear and uncomplicated CBS needs to review its Manuals and Guides Technical Regulations Extension of fast track to “technical specifications” Manual WIS: Appendix A (, Appendix C Part 2 section 3 (data dictionary for WIS metadata) Guide to WIS : Part V (metadata guidance), Annex D (Training and Learning Guide) Manual GTS: Attachment I-1 (arrangements for the collection of ship weather reports and oceanographic reports), Attahcment I-2 (Configuration of the Main Telecommunications Network), Attachment II-5 (Data Designators T1T2AiA2ii in abbreviated headings) Guide to Information Technology Security Guide to Virtual Private Networks (VPN) via the internet betweeen GTS centres Manual on Codes, Volume I.2 (all tables and templates); Volume I.3 (all tables) Manual on WIGOS: Appendix 2.4 (WIGOS metadata standard) Roadmap “Guidelines on the preparation and promulgation of the WMO Technical regulations” published Commissions asked to review their Manuals and Guides to conform with the guidelines. Increased emphasis on conformance to technical regulations. CBS looks after: Parts of “WMO-No. 49 Vol I” General Meteorological Standards and Recommended Practices” Manual on Codes (3 Volumes) Manual on the Global Telecommunications System Manual on the Global Data Production and Forecasting System Manual on the Global Observing System Volume I Manual on the WMO Information System Manual on the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (with other commissions) Guide on the Global Data-Processing System Guide to the Global Observing System Guide to the WMO Information System Guide on the Automate of Data-Processing Centre Guide on WWW Data Management Guide to Public Weather Service Practices

Recommendation 4.1/1

Recommendation 4.1/1 Now Propose Manual on Codes How to represent information What to represent Manual on Codes How to represent information Application area regulations What to represent Manual on Codes BUFR tables B/C Regulations + Manual on Codes BUFR tables Manual on WIGOS and others B/C Regulations Recommendation 4.1/1 The Review of Technical Regulations identified a need to increase conformance with Technical Regulations. At present, many Manuals combine both obligations placed on Members and technical guidance, making difficult to separate when must be delivered from methods that may be used to support that delivery. The Manual on Codes is a key resource for Members that sets technical standards for how information should be represented in order that Members can interpret exchanged information unambiguously. At present, the Manual on Codes also includes specifications of what information Members are required to exchange (under the World Weather Watch regulations). This mixes up two types of mandatory actions by Members. Definition of what information has to be provided. How that information should be represented in order to be interpreted correctly. The specification of what information has to be provided needs to be created and maintained by the WMO Programme that has need for the information. This is best placed in the Technical Regulations (or Manuals) associated with that Programme. This aspect of information exchange uses the words “shall” and “should” with the specific meanings of Technical Regulations. Those same regulations might also state the representations that shall (or should) be used for the exchange of information. “shall”: a requirement placed on Members. If Members cannot meet that requirement, they are obliged to inform the Secretary-General of why they cannot meet that requirement; “should” : a practice that offers additional benefits and that Members should endeavour to implement, but that they do not have to inform the Secretary-General if they cannot implement. The specification of how information is represented is common across many WMO Programmes. Once the decision to use a particular representation for information has been made, there are rules that have to be followed to make the representation work. Thus, the definition of the representation also uses the words “shall” and “should”, but in this case they have the meanings of: “shall”: something that is essential if the representation is to work “should”: good practice that makes interpretation of the information simpler or more consistent. Recommendation That the requirements on Members to supply information are moved to appropriate Manuals or to the Technical Regulations document (WMO No 49), so that the Manual on Codes becomes a technical specification of how informaiton is to be represented but does not place requirements on Members to provide information.

Thank you Merci