Learning Objective: Agenda: Today I will be able to describe the events that led to Germany’s unconditional surrender of WWII by creating a matrix chart of battles. Agenda: Learning Objective Lecture Notes: Ch. 16.4 Germany’s Surrender Matrix Chart Exit Slip

Lecture Notes: Ch. 16.4 Germany’s Surrender Stalin asked for help against Hitler, Dec. 2, 1941. But, Winston Churchill & Franklin D. Roosevelt met and agreed to first invade North Africa.

North African Campaign Italy & Germany had already taken over British controlled territories in N. Africa General Bernard Montgomery (AKA, “Monty”) was sent from Great Britain to N. Africa to retake it. But, Germany had expanded even more in N. Africa—all the way to Al Alamein.

Several battles were launched: Battle of Alamein: Oct. 23, 1942, full frontal war. Nov. 4- Rommel (German General pulls back) Operation Torch: Nov. 8, 1943—100,000 American troops landed in Morocco & Algeria. Rommel & Afrika Korps caught between British & US troops was defeated—Italy & Germany defeated in North Africa, May 1943.

Battle of Stalingrad Aug 23, 1942, Germans bombed Stalingrad & controlled most of it. But, battle went on & battle went on to Winter. Nov. 19, 1942, German General Paulus begged Hitler to surrender. Hitler refused retreat. Feb. 2, 1943—90,000 German troops surrendered. Stalingrad completely destroyed—Soviet now began pushing out Germans out.

Invasion of Italy July 10, 1943 Allied forces landed on Sicily & captured Italian and German troops. July 15—King Victor Emmanuel II had Mussolini arrested. But, Germans seized control of N. Italy & placed Mussolini back in power.

April 27, 1945—Italian resistance fighters ambushed Germans & found Mussolini & killed him Later, Allied troops entered Rome & German control failed by May 1945.

History Channel: Rosie the Riveter http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/rosie-the-riveter

Total War US made its own consumer producing factories into armaments. Ex. Typewriter company made armor piercing shells 1944, 17-18 million US had jobs—no more Great Depression Many women worked in such factories. Propaganda Gov provided biased information to encourage support for war. In US, for ex., it was also racist. Japanese-Americans , aka Nisei, were taken to internment camps & labeled as “enemy alien.”

D-Day Battle of Normandy, June 6, 1944 Code-name Operation Overload Largest land & sea attack in history. 60 mile stretch, 5,000 ships, 11,000 airplanes, over 150, 000 troops. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mT3q8tba_lw

1943, Allies secretly planned this invasion force, US & GB. May 1944, forces were ready. Germans knew an attack was coming & did not know where. Allies made Germans think the would be in French seaport of Calais. Germans did not know it would be in Normandy

Saving Private Ryan: D-Day Scene at Omaha Beach Describe the armaments used. What was the scenery like after landing on Omaha Beach? Evaluate the effect war had on WWII soldiers/veterans. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mT3q8tba_lw

Battle of the Bulge Allies moved toward Germany from west, while Soviet Union moved from the east—surrounding Germany. German broke weak American defense line, in Dec. 16, 1944 creating a bulge. But, Allies pushed German forces back more & more.

Germany’s Unconditional Surrender 3 million Allied soldiers approached Berlin from southwest. 6 million Soviet troops arrived from the east. By, April 25, 1945 Berlin was surrounded & fired at.

VE (Victory in Europe) Day, known as the day WWII in Europe ended. Hitler was hidden underground, but killed himself before capture on April 29, 1945 May 7, 1945—US General Eisenhower accepted Germany’s unconditional surrender. May 9, officially signed in Berlin. VE (Victory in Europe) Day, known as the day WWII in Europe ended.

Matrix Chart Summarize each battle by writing the: DATE LOCATION WHO or WHAT countries were involved. EXPLAIN what happened & WHO won or lost the battle.

Which battle do you think was most important in turning the war in favor of the Allies? Why? “_____(name of battle)___ was an important battle that allowed the Allies to win the war because______________________. Also, because_____________________________.”

Exit Slip How would the world look like today had the Allies not been able to get Germany to surrender unconditionally?