ELT 213 APPROACHES TO ELT I DIRECT METHOD WEEK 4 Assist. Prof.Dr. Seden Eraldemir Tuyan

Basic principle: The use of L1 is sin; no translation Meaning is conveyed directly in the target language through demonstration and visual aids

PRINCIPLES 1. Observation: Ss read aloud a passage about US geography Principle: Language is mainly speech. Culture includes more than fine arts. Reading is taught from the beginning and developed through practice with speaking 2. Observation: T. points to a part of the map after each sentences is read Principle: Concrete objects are used to understand the meaning

3. Observation: T uses the target language to ask the Ss if they have a question Principle: Mother tongue has almost no role 4. Observation: T answers Ss questions by drawing on the board and giving examples Principle: Demonstration is preferred to explanation and translation for direct association between L1 and L2

5. Observation: T asks questions in L2 and Ss reply in complete sentences in L2 Principle: Vocabulary in use is emphasized to boost thinking in English (no word lists) 6. Observation: Ss ask questions about the map Principle: Communication is the goal

7. Observation: T works with Ss on the pronunciation of ‘Appalachian’ Principle: Pronunciation receives primary attention 8. Observation: T corrects a grammar error by asking Ss to make a choice Principle: Self-correction facilitates learning

9. Observation: T asks questions about Ss; Ss ask each other questions Principle: Lessons should provide the chances for conversational activities; some opportunity to use language in real context; speaking is encouraged as much as possible 10. Observation: Ss fill in the blanks with prepositions practiced in the lesson Principle: Grammar is taught inductively; no explicit grammar rules

11. Observation: T dictates a paragraph about US geography Principle: Like reading, writing is practiced from beginning 12. Observation: All the lessons that week involve US geography Principle: Lessons are topic / situational based and not structurally designed 13. Observation: A proverb is used to discuss how people in US view punctuality Principle: Learning L2 involves learning the way they live

Reviewing the Principles Goals of the Ts: Teach Ss how to communicate in L2; Ss think in L2. Role of Ts & Ss: T directs the class activities; but Ss are less passive than in Grammar/Translation method T and Ss are more like partners.

Characteristics of teaching/learning process: Direct associations between meaning and L2: demonstration through realia, pictures, or pantomime is used No translation Situational syllabus Inductive grammar teaching Practice of vocab by using new words in complete sentences.

Nature of interaction: From T to Ss From Ss to T (often directed by the teacher) Ss to Ss. Students’ Feelings: No principles Language/culture viewed: Primarily spoken; Ss study everyday speech in L2 History, geography, daily lives of the people in target culture is studies.

Areas of lang. emphasized: Vocab is over grammar Four skills are studied from the beginning but oral communication is basic: Reading and Writing based on oral practices Pronunciation is important. Role of L1: No L1 in the classroom.

Evaluation: Interviews with students orally Writing a paragraph about something they have studied, etc. Error correction: T tries to get Ss to self-correct when possible.

TECHNIQUES Reading aloud Question and answer (answers in full sentence) Getting Ss to self-correct (different ways of self correction) Conversation practice (asking and answering in L2) Fill-in-the-blank Dictation Map drawing Paragraph writing

DIRECT METHOD DEMO https://youtu.be/lls2oYe7TE0 https://youtu.be/id0F0NCldHo