Date of download: 11/1/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Histology and Biaxial Mechanical Behavior of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Tissue Samples J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(3):031002-031002-12. doi:10.1115/1.4035261 Figure Legend: (a) AAA tissue sample as received. Severe polymorphous atherosclerotic plaque with precipitated calcium agglomerates is clearly apparent. (b) Tissue specimen undergoing planar biaxial tension. Digital gage marks track the movement of the physical markers. The circumferential and longitudinal directions of the sample relative to the aorta are shown on the right. (c) Schematic diagram of the biaxial test apparatus, showing the sample, water bath, grips, actuator arms, and load cells. Not shown is the video extensometer directly above the specimen used to measure and control deformation in the gage region.

Date of download: 11/1/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Histology and Biaxial Mechanical Behavior of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Tissue Samples J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(3):031002-031002-12. doi:10.1115/1.4035261 Figure Legend: Finite element calculation. (a) Mesh used to evaluate the deformation field in the gage region of the cruciform-shaped sample, with length scale. (b)–(d) Contour plots showing homogeneity of the deformation field, (b) axial stretch distribution, (c) circumferential stretch distribution, and (d) shear distribution.

Date of download: 11/1/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Histology and Biaxial Mechanical Behavior of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Tissue Samples J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(3):031002-031002-12. doi:10.1115/1.4035261 Figure Legend: Representative histologic images characterizing the wall ultrastructure, 40× magnification, Masson's trichrome stain. Blue—collagen; red—smooth muscle and extravasated cells. All images oriented with the tunica intima facing down. (a) Patient 2, (b) patient 4, (c) patient 5, (d) patient 6, and (e) patient 7. (f) Fractional area of coverage for EvG (highlighting elastin fibers), TRI (highlighting collagen fibers), or anti-SMA (highlighting smooth muscle). dM—disrupted tunica media and dA—disrupted tunica adventitia.

Date of download: 11/1/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Histology and Biaxial Mechanical Behavior of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Tissue Samples J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(3):031002-031002-12. doi:10.1115/1.4035261 Figure Legend: Measured nominal stress components in the circumferential and axial directions, Pθθ and Pzz, for patient 2 during the fifth loading cycle in each test. (a) λz = 1.0, λθ → 1.1, (b) λz = 1.1, λθ → 1.1, (c) λz → 1.1, λθ → 1.1, and (d) λz = 1.0, λθ → 1.15.

Date of download: 11/1/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Histology and Biaxial Mechanical Behavior of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Tissue Samples J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(3):031002-031002-12. doi:10.1115/1.4035261 Figure Legend: Measured nominal stress components in the circumferential and axial directions, Pθθ and Pzz, during the fifth loading cycle in each test, averaged over all patient samples. (a) λz = 1.0, λθ → 1.1, (b) λz = 1.1, λθ → 1.1, (c) λz → 1.1, λθ → 1.1, and (d) λz = 1.0, λθ → 1.15. Data points—measured values; solid curves—corresponding model fitted curves.

Date of download: 11/1/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Histology and Biaxial Mechanical Behavior of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Tissue Samples J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(3):031002-031002-12. doi:10.1115/1.4035261 Figure Legend: (a) Values of mean maximum stresses and (b) of mean maximum elastic moduli in equibiaxial tension in the circumferential, (θ), and longitudinal, (z), directions

Date of download: 11/1/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Histology and Biaxial Mechanical Behavior of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Tissue Samples J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(3):031002-031002-12. doi:10.1115/1.4035261 Figure Legend: Representative failure sites of tissue samples failing during biaxial extension tests. Axial arrow indicates the original axial orientation of the tissue sample in the AAA wall. Red arrow indicates the site and orientation of failure. (a) Patient 3, (b) patient 4, (c) patient 5, and (d) patient 6.