Chapter 13

Section 1

Focus Question What was the Opium war?

Discontent in Japan Shoguns (military dictators) Ruled Japan What is the Problem with a military dictator? Japan was a nation of Isolation until the 1850’s Didn’t trade with outsiders Stayed out of all world affairs Japans goal was to return to the “old days” Where Japan was a strong nation

Japan opens Up Japan was fearful of the “westerners” What are some reasons Japan might be fearful? 1853 American ships arrive in Japan Matthew Perry led the ships President Fillmore wanted Japan to open their ports Japan didn’t have the man power or the resources to fight the U.S Japan signed the treaty of Kanagawa U.S. got 2 Japanese ports Europe now wanted trading ports

Meiji Restoration King Meiji came to the throne 15 years old Powerful leader Wanted to modernize Japan Wanted to become powerful Made his advisory study “western ways” Why study the “West”? 1868-1912

Meiji Transformation Japan wants Social System Government Bureaucracy a New social system Modern government Bureaucracy (What is a Bureaucracy?) Social System All citizens participate in the economy Government Modeled after the German government Emperor still had absolute power Bureaucracy Departments were formed Advantages? Disadvantages?

Transformation Military Industrialization Society All men had to serve in the military Ended hand to hand combat Industrialization Banks, roads, railroads, and other infrastructure was built Zaibatsu were the families with capitol who invested Society Ended legal social distinctions Distinctions still existed Women had no rights what so ever

Success at Last Japan modernizes extremely quickly Successes Strong homogeneous society What is homogeneous? Successes 1876 Japan takes 2 Korean ports Japan Owns Korea from 1910-1945 Tributary State (What is a Tributary State?) 1894 defeats China Sino-Japanese War 1905 defeats Russia Russo-Japanese War Military becomes very powerful

Vocabulary Matthew Perry Meiji Restoration Diet Zaibatsu Homogenous Society First Sino-Japanese War Russo-Japanese War

Section 2

Why did Japan begin to “Westernize”? Focus Question Why did Japan begin to “Westernize”?

Imperialism in Southeast Asia Western nations began dividing up Southeast Asia like they had Africa Wanted raw materials European nations used manipulation and man power to colonize the region Dutch East Indies was a prime target of the Europeans Known today as Indonesia Rich in coffee, Indigo, and Spices

Southeast Asia Burma and Malaya French Indochina Siam British took control of these regions French Indochina France took over Vietnam when the Vietnamese began killing Christians Also took over Laos and Cambodia Known as French Indochina Siam Thailand Escaped becoming a European Colony Negotiated and traded with the west to suffice them Reformed the government, modernized the army Gave women freedoms Abolished slavery

Colonial Southeast Asia Many Chinese left China and fled to Southeast Asia Thought there was more opportunities By 1890 Europeans controlled most of Southeast Asia Introduced modern technology Expanded commerce Built infrastructure Benefited the Europeans far more than it did the Southeast Asians

United States and the Philippines Spain owned the Philippines Spanish American war broke out in 1898 between Spain an the United States Fight was over Cuba and their independence Philippines supported the Americans Americans won the war Spain got $20 million United States got the Philippines Didn’t give the Filipinos their independence

The Spanish American War Filipinos were extremely angered at the U.S 1898-1901 the Philippines and the United States were at war United States wins the rebellion United States tried to modernize the Philippines Education Healthcare Economic reforms Built infrastructure Promised the Filipinos a gradual transition to self rule

Western Powers Seize the Pacific Islands 1800’s the Western nations set their sights on the Pacific islands Was looking for bases in the Pacific 1878 the United States gained the Soma Islands United States needed more sugar and Fruits Set their sights on Hawaii Queen Liliuokalani resisted the Americans U.S. imprisoned her U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898 Was fearful that if they did not then Japan or China would By the 1900’s the Western Powers owned 98% of all pacific islands

Vocabulary French Indochina Mongkut Spanish American War Liliuokalani

Section 3

Why did the United States annex Hawaii? Focus Question Why did the United States annex Hawaii?

Self Rule: Canada, Australia, and New Zealand All 3 nations were controlled by Britain All 3 nations won their independence faster than other British colonies All 3 were Christian colonies All 3 were predominantly white colonies Britain gave them their independence because they “felt like white Christians could govern themselves”

Canada Britain received Canada from France in 1763 Already French speaking people living in the region Native Americans English Speaking people moved into the region Constitutional Act of 1791 Created 2 provinces Upper English speaking Canada Lower French speaking Canada Tension between the two grows Britain steps in and reunited Canada into 1 nation Still hostility between the English and French

Canada 1867 Britain passes the North American Act of 1867 Canada Grows Created the Dominion of Canada Canada becomes a commonwealth of Britain Canada Grows Expands westward toward the coast Railroads connect Canada Thousands of European immigrants moved to Canada Fled Europe to escape persecution The people of Canada try to improve the land Kick out the native Americans

Australia The Dutch were the first people to own Australia 1770 Britain claims Australia Penal Colonies Where they sent their prisoners Colonies Grow The Aborigines were the Indigenous population Britain encouraged all free citizens of Britain to emigrate to Australia Australia has resources Britain can use Thousands of Aborigines were killed because of land and resources Self Rule 1901 Australia gains its independence

New Zealand 1769 Britain takes New Zealand People were known as Maori Wanted the resources and the trading ports People were known as Maori Concentrated in one region of New Zealand Maori didn’t want the British on their lands Led to violent fights Maori and the British got into fights over land 1907 New Zealand gains their independence

Vocabulary Confederation Dominion Metis Indigenous Penal Colony Maori

Section 4 Latin America

Focus Question Why did Canada, Australia, and New Zealand achieve self rule easier than other nations?

Lingering Political Problems Central and South America was made up of 20 countries Set up their constitutions modeled on the United States Democracy failed to take hold in Latin America Civil war, revolts, coups, and dictators This region was heavily dependent on Western nations

Colonial Legacy Colonial problems still existed in Latin America after Independence Church still wanted to have complete control Social classes were still divided Minorities lives did not improve Mestizo, Mullatos, Blacks, and Indians were treated poorly Creoles were the only ones who could have status New Constitution and Government Guaranteed Equality Racial discrimination still occurred Stability Regionalism weakened new nations

Mexico's Struggle for Stability Problems arose between the conservatives and liberals Mexican American War 1845 U.S. annexed Texas Mexico declared war United States wins Gains: Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, California, and Colorado Changes France Invades Mexico Controls them for 4 years Mexico is now under the control of a dictator

Economic Dependence Latin America was economically dependent on Spain and Portugal The U.S. was Latin Americas biggest trading partner Latin America was fearful that the United States would take them over Didn’t want to be Imperialized United States writes the Monroe Doctrine (1823) The American continents are not to be considered as subjects for colonization by Europe Britain backs the United States Kept Europe out of North America Scared Latin America

United States and Latin America Platt Amendment 1901 dealing with Cuba Gave the United States Navel bases in Cuba Roosevelt Corollary The united states was the “police force” of the western Hemisphere Takes over the Dominican Republic Panama Canal United States wanted a canal in panama Panama was controlled by Colombia United States backed Panama in their quest for independence Panama gains their independence United States persuades Panama to build a canal 1914 Panama Canal opens U.S. owns until 2000

Vocabulary Regionalism Caudillo Benito Juarez La Reforma Peonage Monroe Doctrine Assignment Page 443- Political Cartoon Page 443- Panama Canal Reading Questions 1 and 2 Worksheet

What was the Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary? Focus Question What was the Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary?

Quiz How did the U.S. gain the Philippines? Which Japanese King “modernized” Japan? What was the Plat Amendment? Why did Canada, New Zealand, and Australia achieve their independence easier than other nations? What was the Monroe Doctrine? How did the U.S acquire Hawaii? Why did the U.S. build the Panama Canal? How did “regionalism” impact Latin America? How did the U.S. acquire Texas? Australia started out as what? What was the Roosevelt Corallary? Which Southeast Asian Nation was Not Imperialized because of king Monkut? What are the native people of New Zealand called? What are the native people of Australia called? Name 4 states the U.S. acquired along with Texas in 1845