Introduction Chapter Introduction This chapter will introduce you to The Renaissance. You will learn how culture and learning in Europe changed from the 1300s through the 1500s. Section 1: The Origins of the Renaissance Section 2: New Ways of Viewing the World Section 3: The Spread of New Ideas Section 4: The Legacy of the Renaissance

The Origins of the Renaissance Academic Vocabulary theology—n., study of religious faith, practice, and experience The priest spent many years studying theology. civic—adj., of or relating to citizenship or community affairs The judge lectured the jury members on their civic duty. Tell students to use the Academic Vocabulary or high-use words to review terms they may encounter in the section. If they are unfamiliar with the terms, they can read the definitions and practice by using them in sentences.

Key Ideas During the Renaissance, economic and social The Origins of the Renaissance Key Ideas During the Renaissance, economic and social changes began to break down the feudal order. The Renaissance began in Italian city-states that had become wealthy through trade and finance.

Key Terms mercantile—related to commerce or trade The Origins of the Renaissance Key Terms mercantile—related to commerce or trade Renaissance—a great cultural revival that swept through Europe from the 1300s through the 1500s Students should use the Word Wise feature in the Renaissance chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

Key Terms patron—someone who gives money or The Origins of the Renaissance Key Terms patron—someone who gives money or other support to a person or group Students should use the Word Wise feature in the Renaissance chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

Why did feudalism begin to decline? The Origins of the Renaissance Why did feudalism begin to decline? Trade and industry grew. The manor system weakened. Peasants moved to towns for work that paid wages. Nobles also moved to towns and married into the mercantile class. A new urban aristocracy formed. These nobles spent money on beautiful city homes.

What cultures were models The Origins of the Renaissance What cultures were models for the Renaissance? The term Renaissance comes from the French word for rebirth. Renaissance thinkers rediscovered the literature, art, and learning of ancient Greece and Rome. To many people, those cultures became models for how to live. Help students understand the metaphor behind the term Renaissance—the idea that interest in classical culture was reborn.

Where did the Renaissance begin? The Origins of the Renaissance Where did the Renaissance begin? Refer students to this map of the Italian City-States in the Student Edition. Point out that Italy was divided into city-states, that its location encouraged trade, and that trade spreads knowledge and ideas.

The Importance of Patrons The Origins of the Renaissance The Importance of Patrons In Italian city-states, old aristocrats competed with wealthy merchants and bankers. The newly rich gained status by becoming patrons of art and learning. Patrons paid artists to make paintings and sculptures. They also paid architects to design buildings.

Fabulous Florence Florence was a center of commerce and banking. The Origins of the Renaissance Fabulous Florence Florence was a center of commerce and banking. One of the most powerful banking families in Florence was the Medici. The Medici were patrons of the arts. As a result, Florence became a showcase of Renaissance art and architecture.

New Ways of Viewing the World Academic Vocabulary manipulate—v., to manage or utilize skillfully The speaker knew how to manipulate the emotions of the audience. prestige—n., respect and admiration from others Receiving the award increased the actor’s prestige. Have students use the Academic Vocabulary or high-use words to review terms they may encounter in the section. If they are unfamiliar with the words, they can read the definitions and practice by using them in sentences.

Key Ideas Renaissance thinkers looked to classical New Ways of Viewing the World Key Ideas Renaissance thinkers looked to classical learning for a deeper understanding of human life. Renaissance art treated both religious and secular themes in a new realistic style.

Key Terms humanism—a cultural movement of the New Ways of Viewing the World Key Terms humanism—a cultural movement of the Renaissance that was based on the study of classical works secularism—the view that religion need not be the center of human affairs Students should use the Word Wise feature in the Renaissance chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

Key Terms vernacular—everyday spoken languages of the people New Ways of Viewing the World Key Terms vernacular—everyday spoken languages of the people individualism—the belief that the individual was more important than the larger community Students should use the Word Wise feature in the Renaissance chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

European Ideas Change Medieval thinkers focused on faith and New Ways of Viewing the World European Ideas Change Medieval thinkers focused on faith and spirituality. Renaissance scholars considered classical culture to be the foundation for a “new learning.” Renaissance learning focused on three key ideas: humanism, secularism, and individualism.

Changes to Learning More people learned to read. New Ways of Viewing the World Changes to Learning More people learned to read.   More books were printed in vernacular languages. A few boys learned to read and write. Some went on to receive a university education. Most girls were not educated.

New Subjects Sometimes artists would include wealthy or New Ways of Viewing the World New Subjects Sometimes artists would include wealthy or important people as characters in paintings. Painting portraits of individuals also become more common. Increasingly, Renaissance artists began to paint subjects that were not religious. Much Renaissance art has classical subjects.

Academic Vocabulary exaggeration—n., overstatement for effect The Spread of New Ideas Academic Vocabulary exaggeration—n., overstatement for effect A great deal of humor is based on the use of exaggeration. linen—n., cloth made from the flax plant Clothes made of linen are popular in hot weather. Have students use the Academic Vocabulary or high-use words to review terms they may encounter in the section. If they are unfamiliar with the words, they can read the definitions and practice by using them in sentences.

Key Ideas Northern Renaissance thinkers promoted The Spread of New Ideas Key Ideas Northern Renaissance thinkers promoted religious and social reforms. The development of printing increased literacy and helped spread new ideas.

Key Terms utopia—an imaginary, ideal place or society The Spread of New Ideas Key Terms utopia—an imaginary, ideal place or society satire—a kind of writing that uses ridicule or sarcasm to criticize vice or folly Students should use the Word Wise feature in the Renaissance chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

Key Terms engraving—an art form in which an artist The Spread of New Ideas Key Terms engraving—an art form in which an artist etches a design on a metal plate with a needle and acid censor—to remove material from published works or to prevent their publication Students should use the Word Wise feature in the Renaissance chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

Renaissance Ideas Spread The Spread of New Ideas Renaissance Ideas Spread During the Renaissance, ideas spread more rapidly than in the past. Scholars studied in Italy and took the new ideas of the Renaissance back to their home countries. Many northern scholars wanted to use the new learning to reform society and the Church.

Literacy and Censorship The Spread of New Ideas Literacy and Censorship The increase in reading materials encouraged literacy. Publishers printed medical manuals, travel accounts, and broadsheets. People published criticisms of the Catholic Church. The Church began to censor what people could read. It published a list of prohibited books.

Academic Vocabulary artificial—adj., unnatural or human-made The Legacy of the Renaissance Academic Vocabulary artificial—adj., unnatural or human-made During our last vacation, we swam in an artificial lake. melancholy—adj., depressed or sad Jane was in a melancholy mood after her friend moved away. Have students use the Academic Vocabulary or high-use words to review terms they may encounter in the section. If they are unfamiliar with the words, they can read the definitions and practice by using them in sentences.

Key Ideas The art and architecture of the Renaissance The Legacy of the Renaissance Key Ideas The art and architecture of the Renaissance helped shape Western ideas of form and beauty. Renaissance authors such as Dante, Shakespeare, and Cervantes created classics that are still read today.

Key Terms proportion—a way of balancing the parts The Legacy of the Renaissance Key Terms proportion—a way of balancing the parts of a design to make a pleasing whole linear perspective—a mathematical system for representing three- dimensional space on a flat surface Students should use the Word Wise feature in the Renaissance chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

Key Terms sonnet—a poem of 14 lines with a fixed rhyming pattern The Legacy of the Renaissance Key Terms sonnet—a poem of 14 lines with a fixed rhyming pattern picaresque—related to a style of fiction that has a series of comic episodes usually involving a mischievous character Students should use the Word Wise feature in the Renaissance chapter of their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

Building During the Renaissance The Legacy of the Renaissance Building During the Renaissance Renaissance architects copied classical architecture. They used the column, round arch, and dome. Architects designed structures to be beautiful because of their harmony and proportion. Filippo Brunelleschi built a famous domed cathedral. He also discovered the rules of linear perspective to show three dimensions on a flat surface.

Artists of the Renaissance The Legacy of the Renaissance Artists of the Renaissance The phrases “Renaissance man” and “Renaissance woman” describe people with many different talents. Leonardo da Vinci was talented at painting, drawing, engineering, architecture, and music. Michelangelo Buonarroti was a painter, sculptor, architect, and poet. Some women became accomplished rulers, artists, and writers, during the Renaissance.

How did William Shakespeare change the English language? The Legacy of the Renaissance How did William Shakespeare change the English language? Refer students to the feature on Shakespeare in Section 4 and the chart about well-known phrases that originated in works by the English playwright and poet. Have students use what they read in the section to discuss why Shakespeare is still studied.