Notes at – http://works.bepress.com/beth_ackerman/ Using Reinforcements Beth Ackerman, Ed.D. backerman@liberty.edu Notes at – http://works.bepress.com/beth_ackerman/

P R A I S E roactive einforcements ssess the situation ntent of misbehavior incerity mpower the child

PROACTIVE WELL-LIKED WELL-RESPECTED FUN POSITIVE STRUCTURED CONSISTENT LIMIT SETTING

REINFORCEMENTS Theories of Reinforcements Tangible vs. Social Pavlov Skinner

Presented after the response Removed after the response Nature of Stimulus Pleasant Aversive Presented after the response Positive Reinforcement (response increases) Punishment 1 (response decreases) Removed after the response Punishment II or Extinction Negative Reinforcement (response increases)

Sample Positive Reinforcements ALWAYS START WITH LEAST RESTRICTIVE Positive words Positive calls home Behavioral contracts Points/levels system Token economy

Punishment and Negative Reinforcement ALWAYS START WITH THE LEAST RESTRICTIVE Verbal reprimands, frowns, reminders, etc. Imposing in-class separation (time out) time out versus time away Removal from classroom (time out or isolation room/area) Send home

Less Obtrusive to More Intrusive Proximity control Voice control Pause. Stop what your doing Distraction Eye contact Rule reminder Rewards Token economy Loss of privileges Phone calls home Separation from the group Time outs

Token Economy Child Driven not Teacher Driven Observable and specific behaviors Time intervals Rewards Should not ever take tokens away from the student

Token Economy and Skinner

WHY DO CHILDREN MISBEHAVE?? Assess A B C Antecedent Behavior Consequence

ABC Chart Antecedent Behavior Consequence During Circle Time Again, during circle time - During circle time Speaking out of turn Talking without permission Asked inappropriate question Ignore them Gave a warning Answer the question

Identify a Target Behavior One specific behavior Measurable? – What do we know about teaching? Is it necessary – Proverbs 22:6 - Train up a child in the way he should go, Even when he is old he will not depart from it.

Target Behavior INCORRECT CORRECT Aggression Disrespectful Hyperactive Rude Behavior Throws things when angry Roles his eyes Touches others personal belongings

Teach Appropriate Behavior Behavior Replacements After identifying the specific target behavior, how can you replace it with appropriate behavior?

Measurable Objectives A, B, C and D (Audience, Behavior, Criteria and how Demonstrated). Johnny will make appropriate eye contact in 3 of 5 attempts. Johnny will go to the quite place instead of throwing books in five of five attempts.

Collect Data Is the intervention effective?

P R A I S E roactive einforcements ssess the situation ntent of misbehavior incerity mpower the child