Date of download: 11/1/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Material Model for Creep-Assisted Microcracking Applied to S2 Sea Ice J. Appl. Mech. 2016;83(11):111002-111002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4034345 Figure Legend: Two microcracks in a two-dimensional domain

Date of download: 11/1/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Material Model for Creep-Assisted Microcracking Applied to S2 Sea Ice J. Appl. Mech. 2016;83(11):111002-111002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4034345 Figure Legend: (a) Surfaces of a microcrack penetrating each other. (b)Penetration is prevented by the Heaviside function H(nr ⋅ σ ⋅ nr).

Date of download: 11/1/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Material Model for Creep-Assisted Microcracking Applied to S2 Sea Ice J. Appl. Mech. 2016;83(11):111002-111002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4034345 Figure Legend: (a) Uniaxial fiber model for evaluation of the stress σ and the effective stress σ̃ and (b) stress strain curves

Date of download: 11/1/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Material Model for Creep-Assisted Microcracking Applied to S2 Sea Ice J. Appl. Mech. 2016;83(11):111002-111002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4034345 Figure Legend: Generated versus fitted creep curves

Date of download: 11/1/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Material Model for Creep-Assisted Microcracking Applied to S2 Sea Ice J. Appl. Mech. 2016;83(11):111002-111002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4034345 Figure Legend: Stress–strain curves in tension and in compression at ε˙=2×10−4 1/s

Date of download: 11/1/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Material Model for Creep-Assisted Microcracking Applied to S2 Sea Ice J. Appl. Mech. 2016;83(11):111002-111002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4034345 Figure Legend: Strength diagram for columnar-grained ice (S2) in compression and tension at −10 °C (Ref. [57], Fig. 2.41)

Date of download: 11/1/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Material Model for Creep-Assisted Microcracking Applied to S2 Sea Ice J. Appl. Mech. 2016;83(11):111002-111002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4034345 Figure Legend: Mode of failure observed and predicted as a function of applied strain rate and effective stress at failure at T=−10 °C (Ref. [28])

Date of download: 11/1/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Material Model for Creep-Assisted Microcracking Applied to S2 Sea Ice J. Appl. Mech. 2016;83(11):111002-111002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4034345 Figure Legend: Computed tensile strength values σut versus strain rate. The range where the strength does not increase, is not included in the model and is marked “Not in model.”

Date of download: 11/1/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Material Model for Creep-Assisted Microcracking Applied to S2 Sea Ice J. Appl. Mech. 2016;83(11):111002-111002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4034345 Figure Legend: The material model obeys the Hall–Petch equation under compression and under tension

Date of download: 11/1/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Material Model for Creep-Assisted Microcracking Applied to S2 Sea Ice J. Appl. Mech. 2016;83(11):111002-111002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4034345 Figure Legend: Computed strength values versus number of potential microcrack orientations: (a) tension and (b) compression

Date of download: 11/1/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Material Model for Creep-Assisted Microcracking Applied to S2 Sea Ice J. Appl. Mech. 2016;83(11):111002-111002-11. doi:10.1115/1.4034345 Figure Legend: Results by Jones [53] for “Baltic” sea ice (◻) compared to data in the literature, (○) and (+) Frederking and Timco [54]; (⋄) Schwarz [55]; (▪) Kuehn and Schulson [56]. Jones [53] Fig.3.