Effects of a Vitamin D and Leucine-Enriched Whey Protein Nutritional Supplement on Measures of Sarcopenia in Older Adults, the PROVIDE Study: A Randomized, Double- Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial  Jürgen M. Bauer, MD, PhD, Sjors Verlaan, MSc, Ivan Bautmans, PhD, Kirsten Brandt, PhD, Lorenzo M. Donini, MD, PhD, Marcello Maggio, MD, PhD, Marion E.T. McMurdo, MD, PhD, Tony Mets, MD, PhD, Chris Seal, PhD, Sander L. Wijers, PhD, Gian Paolo Ceda, MD, Giuseppe De Vito, MD, PhD, Gilbert Donders, MD, PhD, Michael Drey, MD, Carolyn Greig, PhD, Ulf Holmbäck, PhD, Marco Narici, PhD, Jamie McPhee, PhD, Eleonora Poggiogalle, MD, Dermot Power, MD, PhD, Aldo Scafoglieri, PhD, Ralf Schultz, MD, PhD, Cornel C. Sieber, MD, Tommy Cederholm, MD, PhD  Journal of the American Medical Directors Association  Volume 16, Issue 9, Pages 740-747 (September 2015) DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.05.021 Copyright © 2015 AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Participant screening, randomization and follow-up. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2015 16, 740-747DOI: (10.1016/j.jamda.2015.05.021) Copyright © 2015 AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Change (kg) in appendicular muscle mass from baseline to week 13 follow-up. *The raw mean change from baseline to week 13 and SE. The P value represents the time × treatment interaction derived from a mixed model (MMRM) adjusting for age, sex, and baseline protein intake. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2015 16, 740-747DOI: (10.1016/j.jamda.2015.05.021) Copyright © 2015 AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine Terms and Conditions