Maxwell’s Equation

Maxwell’s Equation General Free space Harmonic variation Steady Static

Gauss’ Theorem The integral of the normal component of a vector function over a closed surface s equals the integral of the divergence of that vector throughout the volume v enclosed by the surface s.

Stokes’s Theorem The surface integral of the curl of a vector function equals the line integral of that function around a closed curve bounding the surface

Ampere’s Law The line integral of magnetic field intensity around a single closed path is equal to the current enclosed.

Biot-Savart Law

Faraday’s Law Michael Faraday discovered experimentally that a current is induced in a conducting loop when the magnetic flux linking the loop changes.

Poynting Theorem The instantaneous power density at a point can be defined by the Poynting vector as Averaged power density can be expressed as

Wave Propagation in Dielectrics Attenuation Constant, a (NP/m) Phase Constant, b (rad/m) Good conductor Moderate conductor Lossy conductor

Useful Equations