THE GROWTH OF A YOUNG NATION

JEFFERSONIAN ERA Election of 1800 Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) vs. John Adams (Federalist) Jefferson defeats Adams by 8 electoral votes Congress passes 12th Amend.

JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLICANISM People should control government and a simple government best suits the needs of the people. Cut costs and shrunk government Era of Southern dominance that weakens Federalist influence

LOUISIANA PURCHASE 1803 $15 million More than doubles size of nation Lewis and Clark Expedition Jefferson reelected 1804

WAR OF 1812 British policy of impressment Native Americans supplied with weapons from officials in British Canada President Madison asks for declaration of war 1814 Washington DC sacked Battle of New Orleans Treaty of Ghent

CONSEQUENCES OF WAR OF 1812 End of Federalist Party Encouraged growth of American industries Confirmed status of United States as a free and independent nation

NATIONALISM James Monroe 1816…John Quincy Adams (Sec. of State) National security and expansion of territory are priorities

MONROE DOCTRINE 1823 Message to Congress “European powers should not interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere…at the same time, the US would not interfere with European affairs”

REGIONAL ECONOMIES Northeast begins to industrialize South grows as an agricultural power Market economy develops Regional economies create political tensions Efforts to unify national economy

THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE 1818 Missouri seeks statehood Free state or slave state? Henry Clay leads a compromise in Congress Maine admitted as free state Missouri admitted as slave state Rest of LA Territory split into two parts with the dividing line being 36/30north latitude. South of the line slavery is legal. North of the line, except Missouri, slavery is banned

THE ELECTION OF ANDREW JACKSON 1828 Jacksonian Democracy Political power for all classes Spoils system

INDIAN REMOVAL ACT 1830 Federal gov. provided funds to negotiate treaties that would force Native Americans to move west. The Trail of Tears

JACKSON’S BANK WAR Defended federal power in the bank crisis Felt National Bank was an agent of the wealthy Tried to kill the bank and succeeded Accused of being a king Opponents form Whig party Panic of 1837

MANIFEST DESTINY 1840s “Expansion Fever” Abundance of land Santa Fe/Oregon Trails Mormon Migration

TEXAS INDEPENDENCE Texas land grants Stephen F. Austin Texas Revolution “Remember the Alamo” Sam Houston

WAR WITH MEXICO

CALIFORNIA Republic of California Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo California Gold Rush Forty-Niners

“We are in good spirits, and serene as heaven itself, though the opposition is still formidable… especially in regard to the atrocious war with Mexico. It is certainly not a popular war; it was begun and is carried on against the deep moral convictions of the sober portion of the people; its real object, the extension and preservation of slavery, no intelligent man honestly doubts; still, the diabolical motto, ‘Our Country, right or wrong…’” William Lloyd Garrison. 1847 letter to Sumner

THE NULLIFICATION CRISIS John C. Calhoun Tariff of 1816 increased by Congress Since the US Constitution was based on a compact among the sovereign states, then the states must still be sovereign, and each would have the right to determine if what Congress did was constitutional.

MARKET REVOLUTION People increasingly bought and sold goods rather than make them for themselves Free enterprise/entrepreneurs Inventions and Improvements Samuel F.B. Morse Robert Fulton Changes in the workplace

LOWELL TEXTILE MILLS Lowell, Massachusetts Female employees Lower wages than men More pay than traditional jobs Gradual deterioration of working conditions Strike

REFORMING AMERICAN SOCIETY Second Great Awakening Transcendentalism Women and Reform Slavery and abolition William Lloyd Garrison Frederick Douglass William Lloyd Garrison Frederick Douglass