model of Interpersonal support BMS 361 Principles of Learning and Health Education model of Interpersonal support Dr. Fatmah Almoayad

Models of Interpersonal support (social learning) Social learning theory is based on the idea that people not only self-regulate and have control their environments and actions, but they are also influenced by their environments. They create and are influenced by their surroundings.

Why does social environment matter Social environment affects behavior and consequently impacts health

Who is in your social environment The social environment includes family members, co- workers, friends, health professionals, and others.

What differentiates social learning theory from intrapersonal support theories Reciprocal determinism is what differentiates social learning theory from the belief that all behaviour is a one-way product of the environment

Reciprocal determinism The dynamic interaction of the person, behaviour, and the environment in which the behaviour is performed

Reciprocal determinism effect The opinions, thoughts, behaviour, advice, and support of the people surrounding an individual influence his or her feelings and behaviour, and the individual has a reciprocal effect on those people

Potential change strategies Consider multiple ways to promote behaviour change, including making adjustments to the environment or influencing personal attitudes

Social learning theory

The most common theory for interpersonal support models Social cognitive theory

Social cognitive theory Social cognitive theory incorporates the basic parts of social learning theory but adds the principles of observational learning and vicarious reinforcement

Observational learning and vicarious reinforcement Watching and learning from the actions of others.

Factors affect the likelihood of behavioral change Self-efficacy Goals Outcome expectancies

The most important personal factor in the social cognitive theory Self-efficacy

Self-efficacy Confidence in one’s ability to take action and overcome barriers

Effect of self efficacy on behaviours If individuals have a sense of self-efficacy, they can change behaviour even when faced with obstacles. If they feel unable to exercise control over their health behaviour, they remain unmotivated and unable to persist through challenges.

Strategies to increase self-efficacy Setting incremental goals (e.G. Exercising for 10 minutes each day); Behavioural contracting (a formal contract, with specified goals and rewards); and monitoring and Reinforcement (feedback from self-monitoring or record keeping). -

Behavioural capability Knowledge and skill to perform a given behaviour.

Potential change strategies (Behavioural capability) Promote mastery learning through skills training

Expectations Anticipated outcomes of a behaviour -

Potential change strategies (Expectations) Model positive outcomes of healthful behaviour -

Observational learning (modelling) Behavioural acquisition that occurs by watching the actions and outcomes of others’ behaviour -

Potential change strategies (Observational learning) Offer credible role models who perform the targeted behaviour

Reinforcements Responses to a person’s behaviour that increase or decrease the likelihood of reoccurrence

Potential change strategies (Reinforcements) Promote self-initiated rewards and incentives -

Models of Interpersonal support (social learning) People create and are influenced by their surroundings (two way process). “reciprocal determinism” is what differentiates social learning theory from the belief that all behavior is a one- way product of the environment The social environment includes family members, co- workers, friends, health professionals, and others. Social environment affects behavior and consequently health.

Any questions?