WHY DO ATOMS REACT?.

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Presentation transcript:

WHY DO ATOMS REACT?

ALL ATOMS WANT TO HAVE EIGHT ELECTRONS IN THEIR VALENCE SHELL EIGHT ELECTRONS: CALLED AN OCTET

WHEN AN ELEMENT HAS A STABLE OCTET IT IS NO LONGER REACTIVE HOW CAN SODIUM WITH AN ELECTRON CONFIGURATION OF : 2-8-1 ACHIEVE A STABLE OCTET?

FOR SODIUM TO HAVE EIGHT ELECTRONS IN ITS OUTER SHELL IT CAN: GAIN 7 ELECTRONS LOSE ONE ELECTRON WHICH WOULD BE EASIER?

SODIUM WILL LOSE ONE ELECTRON FROM ITS THIRD ENERGY LEVEL

SODIUM ONCE SODIUM LOSES ITS ONE ELECTRON FROM THE THIRD ENERGY LEVEL IT SHOWS EIGHT ELECTRONS THAT WERE IN ITS SECOND ENERGY LEVEL.

SODIUM HAS LOST ONE ELECTRON TO ACHIEVE A STABLE OCTET SODIUM STILL HAS ELEVEN PROTONS (+11) IN ITS NUCLEUS BUT NOW ONLY HAS 10 ELECTRONS IN ITS SHELLS

SODIUM’S IONIC CHARGE IF WE ADD +11 (NUMBER OF PROTONS) AND -10 (NUMBER OF ELECTRONS) WE GET THE IONIC CHARGE OF +1

SODIUM IONIC CHARGE IS +1

IONIC CHARGE FOR ALL ELEMENTS IN GROUP 1 ALL ELEMENTS IN GROUP 1 HAVE ONE VALENCE ELECTRON. ALL ELEMENTS IN GROUP 1 WILL LOSE ONE VALENCE ELECTRON TO COMPLETE ITS OCTET

ALL ELEMENTS IN GROUP 1 WILL FORM A +1 ION.

GROUP 17 ELEMENTS

ALL ELEMENTS IN GROUP 17 HAVE 7 VALENCE ELECTRONS

LIST THE ELEMENTS IN GROUP 17

GROUP 17: F, Cl, Br, I, At

COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE FOR FLOURINE 9F TOTAL NUMBER OF ELECTRONS ? ENERGY LEVEL ORBITAL NUMBER OF ELECTRONS

COMPLETE THE TABLE FOR FLOURINE ENERGY LEVEL ORBITAL NUMBER OF ELECTRONS 1 S 2 2 S 2 2 P 5

HOW CAN FLUORINE COMPLETE ITS OUTER SHELL? GAIN ONE ELECTRON OR LOSE SEVEN ELECTRONS. WHICH WOULD BE EASIER?

FLUORINE FORMS AN ION WITH A CHARGE OF -1 THE NUCLEUS OF FLUORINE HAS 9 PROTONS, BUT NOW WITH IT GAINING ONE ELECTRON IT NOW HAS 10 ELECTRONS IN ITS ENERGY LEVELS: +9 AND -10 EQUALS -1 THE SYMBOL FOR FLUORINE THE ION IS F -1

ALL GROUP 17 ELEMENTS FORM AN ION WITH A CHARGE OF -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 F Cl Br I At

ELEMENTS IN GROUP 2

\ Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra All have two valence electrons GROUP 2 \ Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra All have two valence electrons

All group 2 elements form ions with a charge of +2

All group two ions: +2 Be Mg Ca +2 Sr Ba Ra