Today's Outline Topic: Ions Class Outline: Ions Note Ions Worksheet Today’s Assigned Work: Ions Worksheets Upcoming Assignments: Physical and Chemical Change lab Write Up Tuesday Oct. 18th Chemistry Quiz #1 Tuesday Oct. 25th Quote: "Don't wait. The time will never be just right.” Napoleon Hill 1

Quiz Outline Chemistry Define Bhor diagram Lewis Diagram Atom, Periodic table, Periods, Groups, Shells, Valence shell, Valence electrons, Ion, Cation, Anion, Electron dot diagram, Molecule, Metals, Non-metals, Metalloids Bhor diagram Lewis Diagram Periodic table to complete a chart Complete an atoms and ions chart. Questions about the periodic table

Review: Periodic Table Metals Nonmetals Metalloids

Other patterns in the table The group number indicates the number of valence electrons. (Ex, elements in group 2 have 2 valence electrons, elements in group 16 have 6)

includes each element’s: The periodic table includes each element’s: name atomic number (# of protons) symbol atomic mass Carbon 6 C 12.011

Key Terms Atom: An atom is the structure of an element , which consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons with electrons orbiting this nucleus. Atoms are neutral when their protons equal their electrons Ions: Any atom or molecule with a net charge. Cations: An ion with a net positive charge. Anions: An ion with a net negative charge. Valence Electrons: The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. Valence shell: The highest energy shell in an atom, containing valence electrons. All interactions between atoms take place through the electrons of the valence shell.

Forming Ions Atoms always want to obtain a full valence shell. In order to do this they either gain or lose electrons.  When an atom gains or loses an electron it becomes charged and is now called an ion.

Forming Ions: Cations Metals lose electrons to form cations (positive ions).  Metals will lose electrons in order to have a full valence shell.  The name of the cation is the same as the atom just with ion after it.  Sodium atom Sodium ion

Forming Ions: Cations Sodium atom Sodium ion

Forming Ions: Cations

Forming Ions: Anions Fluorine atom - fluoride ion. Non-metals gain electrons to form anions (negative ions).  They gain electrons in order to have a full valence shell.  When naming anions, the name must end in “ide” then ion.  Fluorine atom  - fluoride ion.

Forming Ions: Anions Fluorine atom  - fluoride ion.

Forming Ions: Anions

Try naming the following negative ions: Cl- S2- P3-

Ions Electrons are gained or lost during chemical reactions. Non-metals gain electrons from metals.  Metals near the bottom of their group lose electrons easier and non-metals near the top of their group gain electrons easier.

Ions Try this: draw the following atoms and the ions that form from them.  N  +  3e-   →  N3-         Na  →  Na+  +  1e-

Ions Try this: draw the following atoms and the ions that form from them.  N  +  3e-   →  N3-         Na  →  Na+  +  1e-

Number of Valence electrons Number of electrons gained or lost Ions The following chart summarizes the groups of the periodic table and how they form ions: The elements in group 18 known as the noble gases do not form ions because their valence shell is full.  The other 7 groups lose or gain electrons to try to obtain an electron configuration that is the same as the nearest noble gas.  Group Number of Valence electrons Number of electrons gained or lost Charge on Ion 1 1 lost +1 2 2 lost +2 13 3 3 lost +3 14 4 4 lost or gained +4 or -4 15 5 3 gained -3 16 6 2 gained -2 17 7 1 gained -1