The FAZIA modules: recent results and possible couplings with gas detectors S. Barlini for the FAZIA collaboration GDS Workshop, 25-27 January 2017

(FEW) WORDS ABOUT FAZIA……. Some of the physic case of interest: International collaboration born to design and build a new detector for charged particles optimized for heavy ions collisions at the Fermi energies. Some of the physic case of interest: Isospin diffusion/equilibration Nuclear Equation of state Features of low density regions (peripheral reactions, neck zone, skin effects) Cluster formation n/p and mirror nuclei ratios … and more: e.g. Dynamical dipole and pygmy resonances (gamma probes) INDRA+FAZIA AT GANIL FIRST “REAL” EXPERIMENTS AT LNS Future Detector R&D Present time Finished! S.Barlini et al., PRC87(2013), 54607 S.Piantelli et al., PRC88(2013), 64607

(FEW) WORDS ABOUT FAZIA……. FAZIA is a new array for charged particles based on a three stages telescope 2x2 cm using Si (300 µm) + Si (500 µm) + CsI (Tl) (10 cm) with a fully digital low noise electronic. "Random" cut of the Silicon wafers tilted with respect to the major crystal direction Selection of Silicon detectors with good planarity and parallelism of front and rear sides (high thickness uniformity) An Aluminum layer of about 30 nm on both sides of detectors: less sheet resistance to preserve good timing properties Construction Careful control of the constancy of the electric field inside the Si as a function of time: monitoring of reverse current and correction of the voltage drop across the bias resistor Reverse mounting configuration of Silicon detectors: the particles enter from the low-field side. Operation mode Usage of nTD Silicon detectors with good dopant homogeneity (1-3%) This should be checked!! S.Barlini at al., NIMA600 (2009), 644 L.Bardelli et al., NIMA605 (2009), 353 L.Bardelli et al., NIMA654 (2011), 272 S.Carboni et al., NIMA664 (2012), 251 G.Pasquali et al., EPJ A48, (2012), 158 N.Le Neindre et al., NIMA701(2013), 145 S.Barlini et al., NIMA707(2013), 89 R.Bougault et al., EPJA50 (2014), 1 G.Pasquali et al, EPJA (2014), 86 G.Pastore et al,, NIMA(2017) in press Main “Technical” results published on

(BRIEF) OVERVIEW OF THE FAZIA ELECTRONICS……. 14 bit 250 MHz x16 F P G A . PA 14 bit 100 MHz Si1 14 bit 250 MHz 4 GeV f.s. d/dt More details in J. of Instr. Vol.11 (2016), 01064 and in S.Valdré talk. Current . PA 14 bit 100 MHz Si2 4 GeV f.s. 14 bit 250 MHz d/dt Current PA 14 bit 100 MHz CsI(Tl) Embedded FEE Logics FEE CARD Preamplifier stage CsI Local trigger Memories & buffers Input/output Telescope B Si2 Si1 CsI Embedded FEE functions Si2 Pulser to all channels Generation, Si-HV monitoring Telescope A Si1 GDS Workshop, 25-27 January 2017

(BRIEF) OVERVIEW OF THE FAZIA ELECTRONICS……. HV card INFN Naples project IPN Orsay FEE connector HV card Block card Silicon detector organized in “quartet” 1 block= 16 telescopes Kapton to transmit the signal Many detectors, many Kapton to be connected!! Kapton bounding! GDS Workshop, 25-27 January 2017

(BRIEF) OVERVIEW OF THE FAZIA ELECTRONICS……. Complexity inside, simplicity outside! BLOCK BACK SIDE 2 optical fiber connectors ONLY 3 I/O WAYS!!! 48V input (power) Local trigger Cooling pipes Global trigger GDS Workshop, 25-27 January 2017

WHAT WE OBTAIN USING FAZIA DETECTOR…. ΔE-E Method G.Pastore et al., NIMA (2017) in press about PSA G.Pastore, ISOFAZIA analysis, Ph.D Thesis 80Kr+40,48Ca@35AMeV Kr GDS Workshop, 25-27 January 2017

WHAT WE OBTAIN USING FAZIA DETECTOR…. ΔE-E Method 80Kr+40,48Ca@35AMeV Z=17 Heavier ions punching-through GDS Workshop, 25-27 January 2017

WHAT WE OBTAIN USING FAZIA DETECTOR…. ΔE-E Method PARTICLE IDENTIFICATION PLOT 80Kr+40,48Ca@35AMeV PI 11 12 13 14 15 16 PI 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 PI GDS Workshop, 25-27 January 2017

WHAT WE OBTAIN USING FAZIA DETECTOR…. ΔE-E Method Similar results using Si2vs CsI detector 80Kr+40,48Ca@35AMeV Z=18 GDS Workshop, 25-27 January 2017

WHAT WE OBTAIN USING FAZIA DETECTOR…. ΔE-E Method Z=12 GDS Workshop, 25-27 January 2017

WHAT WE OBTAIN USING FAZIA DETECTOR…. ΔE-E Method PARTICLE IDENTIFICATION PLOT PI PI GDS Workshop, 25-27 January 2017

WHAT WE OBTAIN USING FAZIA DETECTOR…. ΔE-E Method The nuclide chart as detected in FAZIA first experiments (adapted from J.Frankland, Spiral2 week, 2014) GDS Workshop, 25-27 January 2017

WHAT WE OBTAIN USING FAZIA DETECTOR…. PSA Method Be Li He p,d,t GDS Workshop, 25-27 January 2017

WHAT WE OBTAIN USING FAZIA DETECTOR…. PSA Method Kr line Identification with only first layer LCP 4He 3He Z=1 GDS Workshop, 25-27 January 2017

WHAT WE OBTAIN USING FAZIA DETECTOR…. PSA Method ENERGY THRESHOLD FOR Z and A IDENTIFICATION Lowering of thresh. using PSA Identification with only first layer Silicon detector with 1.3% FWHM doping homogeneity GDS Workshop, 25-27 January 2017

FOCUS: the effect of homogeneity on PSA Similar electronic chain, different detector homogeneity GDS Workshop, 25-27 January 2017

FAZIA IN THE CONTEST OF THE NEW FACILITY FOR EXOTIC BEAMS…. Can we do better as identication threshold? The use of silicon wafers with a better doping homogeneity can slightly improve the threshold The use of under- depleted detector can increase the isotope separation, but not lower the threshold SPES beam energy range Under- depleted detector (G.Pasquali et al., EPJA50 (2014), 86)

FAZIA IN THE CONTEST OF THE NEW FACILITY FOR EXOTIC BEAMS…. Si1 (300 um) + Si2 (500um) + CsI(Tl) (10 cm) SPES beam energy range Using the “stabdard” FAZIA telescopes, there are threshold problems when we want to work with ISOL exotic beams (typically beam with no more than 10 AMeV) Thinner silcon detector as first layer (20 um) Gas detector instead of the first silicon FAZIA as “ancillary” detector for products with enough energy GDS Workshop, 25-27 January 2017

FAZIA IN THE CONTEST OF THE NEW FACILITY FOR EXOTIC BEAMS…. Thinner silcon detector as first layer (20 um) 20 um A.Kordyasz et al., EPJA(2015)51, 15 500um CsI(Tl) In nov.2016, a similar 20 um ion implanted epitaxial silicon detector has been mounted on the FAZIA mechanic and tested with success with alpha source No isotopes separation Absolutely no PSA Energy threshold beetween 1 and 2MeV/u (Mn) 21m thick

FAZIA IN THE CONTEST OF THE NEW FACILITY FOR EXOTIC BEAMS…. Gas detector instead of first silicon layer Gas first stage: lower threshold, but more complication (gas recirculation, windows to enclose the gas….). Of course is not a “new” solution (INDRA, RCo detectors in LNL) M.Bruno et al., EPJA (2013) 49, 128 Example of “modern” apparatus with digital electronic 50 mbar, threshold around 1 MeV/u GDS Workshop, 25-27 January 2017

FAZIA IN THE CONTEST OF THE NEW FACILITY FOR EXOTIC BEAMS…. FAZIA as “ancillary” detector for products with enough energy LOI for ACTIVE TARGET AT LNL Each module of FAZIA is around 8x8 cm. Electronic coupling with other detector can be obtained via standard GTS method (implemented in FAZIA Regional Board to be coupled with the INDRA detector in GANIL) FAZIA can be used: To cover some particular region where lighter and more energetic fragments are expected To detect light particle outside an ACTIVE TARGET FAZIA detector to have the best performance should be in vacuum. A careful design of the interface between ACTIVE TARGET and FAZIA is needed. GDS Workshop, 25-27 January 2017

CONCLUSION FAZIA is a new apparatus for charged particles based on Si (300um)+Si (500 um)+ CsI(Tl) telescopes. The use of optimized silicon detectors and a low noise digital electronic inside the scattering chamber as near as possible to the detectors permits a very good performance in terms of ion identification using the ΔE-E technique or the PSA. Some modifications in the design, as a thinner first silicon layer or the use of a gas layer as first stage of the detector, can be considered in order to lower the identification threshold to be ready for the new ISOL facility for exotic beam The FAZIA electronic can be adapted for the less energetic ISOL exotic beam with some modification in the pre-amplifier gain in order to decrease the full range (4 GeV at the moment). The FAZIA apparatus is modular and easy to mount and transport. In some physics cases, if the fragments have enough energy, can be used as ancillary detector. GDS Workshop, 25-27 January 2017